Self-employment in Russia: state and potential for development
How to Cite
Nesterenko Y.N., Protasova E.A. Self-employment in Russia: state and potential for development. Population. 2019. Vol. 22. No. 4. P. 78-89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/1561-7785-2019-00040 (in Russ.).
Abstract
The article deals with self-employment as a new form of labor relations. It is noted that self-employment is a fairly broad concept that does not have a relevant assessment both in the existing legal acts and in the public consciousness. The present situation reduces the effectiveness of the state policy towards citizens who have decided to engage in their own activities, and does not allow society to understand the importance of the institution of self-employment for socio-economic development of the country.
The authors prove that formation of self-employment is an objective process resulting from changes in the model of modern economy. For example, we observe growth in the share of services in GDP, increasing mobility of the labor market, large-scale introduction of innovation and digital technologies, new incentives and motives for labor, strengthening requirements to the level of competences of employees, the necessity to optimize production costs. The attention is mainly paid to the analysis of Russian labor market of self-employed. It is noted that despite the positive dynamics of indicators, the level of legal self-employment in our country is extremely low. It does not meet the requirements of national economy and the parameters adopted in developed countries.
In order to promote entrepreneurial activities, reduce unemployment and informal employment, it is necessary to strengthen the state control. This will increase business activity and provide favorable atmosphere for the economic development. These measures should be aimed at establishing legal status of self-employed people, based on a multi-functional criterion, and at solving tactical and strategic tasks as well. The first group provides a complex of administrative, property, informational, financial support for the self-employed. The other provides the formation of a new economic environment in the country, which will foster interest in self-employment on a legal basis.
Keywords:
self-employment, self-employed citizens, informal labor market, freelancers, indepen¬dent business, micro-entrepreneurs
References
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Karpova T. Yu., Arbaev G. E. Samozanyatost' v Rossiyskoy Federatsii: problemy i puti razvitiya [Self-employment in the Russian Federation: problems and ways of development]. Problemy ekonomiki i yuridicheskoy praktiki [Problems of Economy and Legal Practice]. 2017. No. 6. P. 95-98 (in Russ.)
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Popravki v zakon RF ot 19.04.1991 № 1032-1 «О zanyatosti naseleniya v Rossiyskoy Federatsii» [Amendments to the law of the Russian Federation of 19.04.1991 No. 1032-1 «On employment in the Russian Federation»]. Available at: https://nospress.ru/popravki-v-zakon-o-zanyatosti-naseleniya-v-rossijskoj-federacii—opredelyat-status-samozanyatyh-grazhdan-2580 (Accessed: 11 May 2019). (in Russ.)
Proyekt Federal'nogo zakona «О vnesenii izmeneniy v otdel'nyye zakonodatel'nyye akty Rossiyskoy Federatsii po voprosu opredeleniya statusa samozanyatykh grazhdan» (podgotovlen Minyustom Rossii 29.05.2018) [«On amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation on determining the status of self-employed citizens». Draft Federal law prepared by the RF Ministry of Justice 29 May 2018]. Available at: https://base.garant.ru/56753994/ (Accessed: 11 May 2019). (in Russ.)
Nalogovyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii (chast’ pervaya) ot 31.071998 g. N146-FZ (red. ot 02.09.2019 g.) [The Tax Code of the Russian Federation of 31.07.1998 N146-FZ. Part one. (as amended on 02.09.2019)]. Available at: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_19671/ (Accessed: 11 May 2019). (in Russ.)
Federal'nyy zakon «О provedenii eksperimenta po ustanovleniyu spetsial'nogo nalogovogo rezhima «Nalog na professional'nyy dokhod* v gorode federal'nogo znacheniya Moskve, v Moskovskoy i Kaluzhskoy oblastyakh, a takzhe v Respublike Tatarstan (Tatarstan)» ot 27.11.2018 N422-FZ ["On carrying out experiment for establishment of the special tax regime «The tax on the professional income» in the city of Federal Status Moscow, in Moscow and Kaluga oblasts, and also in the Republic of Tatarstan (Tatarstan)». Federal law of 27.11.2018 N422-FZ]. Available at: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_311977/(Accessed: 11 May 2019). (in Russ.)
Rosstat. Naseleniye. [Population]. Statistical compendium. Avaialble at: http://old.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/population/disabilities/ (Accessed: 11 May 2019).
Rosstat. Rabochaya sila, zanyatost' i bezrabotitsa v Rossii [Labor force, employment and unemployment in Russia]. Statistical compendium. Available at: https://gks.ru/bgd/regl/bl8_61/Main.htm (Accessed: 11 May 2019). (in Russ.)
Feenberg A. Rossii vyrosla neformal'naya zanyatost' [Increased informal employment in Russia]. RBC. Available at: https://www.rbc.ru/economics/27/03/2019/5c9a3eal9a7947d947c377c5 (Accessed: 11 May 2019). (in Russ.)
Federal'nyy zakon ot 27.11.2018 N423-FZ "0 vnesenii izmeneniy v stat'i 56 i 146 Byudzhetnogo kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii" ["On amendments to articles 56 and 146 of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation"]. Federal law of 27.11.2018 N423-FZ. Available at: http://www.consultant.ru/law/hotdocs/55777.html/(Accessed: 11 May 2019). (in Russ.)
Reyestr samozanyatykh grazhdan [Register of self-employed citizens]. Available at: https://spmag.ru/articles/reestr-samozanyatyh-grazhdan-2019 (Accessed: 11 May 2019). (in Russ.)
FNS nazvala chislo zaregistrirovannykh samozanyatykh rossiyan [Federal Tax Service has published the number of registered self-employed Russians]. Available at: https://iz.ru/908978/2019-08-ll/fns-nazvala-chislo-zaregistrirovannykh-samozaniatykh-rossiian (Accessed: 11 May 2019). (in Russ.)
Statistika о predstavlennykh fizicheskimi litsami v nalogovyye organy uvedomleniyakh ob osushchestvlenii deyatel'nosti po okazaniyu uslug fizicheskim litsam dlya lichnykh, domashnikh i (ili) inykh podobnykh nuzhd [Statistics on notifications submitted by individuals to the tax authorities about conducting activities to provide services to individuals for personal, home and (or) other similar needs]. Available at: https://www.nalog.ru/rn77/related_activities/statistics_and_analytics/selfemployed/(Accessed: 11 May 2019). (in Russ.)
Kostrova Yu.B., Shibarshina 0. Yu. Analiz podkhodov к regulirovaniyu samozanyatosti naseleniya: rossiyskiy i mezhdunarodnyy opyt [Analysis of the approaches to regulation of self-employment: Russian and international experience]. Ekonomika truda [Labor Economics]. 2018. Vol. 5. No. 4. P. 1137-1146 (in Russ.)
Karpova T. Yu., Arbaev G. E. Samozanyatost' v Rossiyskoy Federatsii: problemy i puti razvitiya [Self-employment in the Russian Federation: problems and ways of development]. Problemy ekonomiki i yuridicheskoy praktiki [Problems of Economy and Legal Practice]. 2017. No. 6. P. 95-98 (in Russ.)
Nesterenko Yu.N. Gosudarstvennaya politika v otnoshenii malogo i srednego predprinimatel'stva v kontekste Strategii yego razvitiya [State policy in relation to small and medium-sized enterprises in the context of its development Strategy]. Ekonomika i predprinimatel'stvo [Economy and Entrepreneurship]. 2016. No. 12-2. P. 396-401 (in Russ.)
Nesterenko Yu.N. О novoy paradigme gosudarstvennoy politiki v otnoshenii malogo i srednego predprinimatel'stva [On the new paradigm of state policy in relation to small and medium-sized businesses]. Ekonomicheskaya nauka i sotsial'noye gosudarstvo [Economic Science and Social State]. Proceedings of the Round table within the framework of the III Moscow Economic Forum. Ed.O. Alexandrova. Moscow. Econ-Inform. 2016. P. 88-94 (in Russ.)
Citation Formats
Other cite formats:
APA
Nesterenko, Y. N., & Protasova, E. A. (2019). Self-employment in Russia: state and potential for development. Population, 22(4), 78-89. https://doi.org/10.19181/1561-7785-2019-00040
Section
EMPLOYMENT AND LABOR MARKET ISSUES
