Universal basic income as regulator of improving the standards and quality of life: statement of the problem and introduction to analysis
Acknowledgments
RFBRproject № 20–010–00271 «Universal basic income as a regulator of improving the living standard and quality of lifetheoretical and methodological justificationtransitional forms and tools for testing in Russia»
How to Cite
Bobkov V.N., Odintsova E.V., Chernykh E.A. Universal basic income as regulator of improving the standards and quality of life: statement of the problem and introduction to analysis. Population. 2020. Vol. 23. No. 1. P. 13-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2020.23.1.2 (in Russ.).
Abstract
This article deals with the issue of the impact of universal basic income (UBI) on the standards and quality of life of population, highlights some theoretical and methodological aspects of its introduction, characterizes the current state of research on this issue and the experience of other countries. It presents the basic conceptual provisions of the scientific study conducted by the authors, which are aimed at the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the idea of introducing universal basic income in Russia, its forms, tools and possible application mechanisms for transformation of the processes and structures of the functioning of the labor and employment sphere, development of human potential, reduction of absolute monetary poverty and excessive socio-economic inequality, that meet modern technological challenges and lead to improving the standards and quality of life of people and the sustainability of the state and society.The presented study is of high significance due to influence of the category “universal basic income”, practical forms, tools and mechanisms of its application on the essential aspects of the life of people, on the expected improvement in their standards and quality of life and the sustainability of the state and society. It will contribute to formation of the scientific, organizational, instrumental and documentary basis for implementation of pilot projects at the regional level, where transitional forms of universal basic income relevant to Russia can be tested. Testing UBI in Russia is of a particular relevance because of the widespread precarious employment, high poverty rates and excessive socio-economic inequality in our country.
Keywords:
universal basic income, standards of living, quality of life, sustainability of the state and society, transitional forms of universal basic income, tools for testing universal basic income
References
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Primery tekushchikh eksperimentov osnovnogo dokhoda v mire [Examples of ongoing experiments on core income in the world]. Available at: https://ubiru.org/basic-income-world/ (Accessed: October 23, 2019). (in Russ.)
Chernykh E. A. Bezuslovnyy bazovyy dokhod: otnosheniye obshchestvennogo mneniya i finansovo- ekonomicheskiye aspekty vnedreniya [Universal basic income: the attitude of public opinion and the financial and economic aspects of implementation]. Uroven’ zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii [Living Standards of the Population of Russian Regions]. 2019. No. 4. P. 70–84. (in Russ.) DOI: 10.24411/1999–9836–2019–10083
Bobkov V. N., Dolgushkin N. K., Odintsova E. V. Bezuslovnyy bazovyy dokhod: razmyshleniya o vozmozhnom vliyanii na povysheniye urovnya i kachestva zhizni i ustoychivosti obshchestva [Universal basic income: reflections on the possible impact on improving the level and quality of life and sustainability of society]. Uroven’ zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii [Living Standards of the Population of Russian Regions]. 2019. No. 3(213). P. 8–26. (in Russ.) DOI: 10.24411/1999–9836–2019– 10069
Shveytsartsy otkazalis’ ot yezhemesyachnykh posobiy [The Swiss have refused monthly benefits]. Correspondent.Net. June 5, 2016. Available at: https://korrespondent.net/world/3693089-shveitsartsy-otkazalys-ot-ezhemesiachnykh-posobyi (Accessed: January 16, 2020). (in Russ.)
Bobkov V. N., Gulyugina A. A., Odintsova E. V. Metodologicheskiye podkhody k usileniyu adresnosti sotsial’noy podderzhki maloimushchikh semey s det’mi [Methodological approaches to strengthening the targeting of social support for poor families with children]. Uroven’ zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii [Living Standards of the Population of Russian Regions]. 2019. No. 1(211). P. 9–19. (in Russ.) DOI: 10.24411/1999–9836–2019–10049
Bobkov V. N. Povysheniye adresnosti sotsial’noy podderzhki maloimushchikh semey s det’mi: vologodskiy pilotnyy proyekt [Improvement of the targeted social support for low-income families with children: Vologda pilot project]. Narodonaselenie [Population]. 2019. Vol. 22. No. 1. P. 106–121 (in Russ.) DOI: 10.24411/1561–7785–2019–00008
More Th. Utopia. Kiev. Dnipro. 1988. 206 p. 206 p. (in Russ.)
Paine Th. Agrarian Justice. 1797.
Marx K. Kapital. [Capital]. Vol. I. Ch. IV In: K. Marx, F. Engels. Sochineniya [Collected Works]. Vol. 23. P. 181–182. Moscow. Politizdat. 1960. (Russian edition)
Friedman M. The case for the negative income tax: a view from the right. Issues of American Public Policy. Ed. J. H. Bunzel. Englewood Cliffs. NJ: Prentice-Hall. 1968.
Hayek F. A. von. Law, Legislation and Freedom: A Modern Understanding of the Liberal Principles of Justice and Politics. Transl. from English by B. Pinsker and A. Kustarev. Ed. A. Kuryaeva. Moscow. IRISEN. 2006. 664 p. (in Russ.)
Standing G. Basic Income: And How We Can Make It Happen. Pelican Books. 2017. 374 p.
Van Parijs Ph. A Basic Income for All. Boston Review. October 2000.
Van Parijs Ph., Vanderborght Ya. Basic Income: A Radical Proposal for a Free Society and a Sane Economy. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. 2017. 400 p.
Fülzak M. Utopicheskiy perfektsionizm. Razmyshleniya na temu osnovnogo dokhoda v globalizirovannom mire [Utopian perfectionism. Reflections on the topic of basic income in a globalized world]. In: J. Drescher. Ideya osvobozhdayushchego bezuslovnogo osnovnogo dokhoda [The Idea of Liberating Unconditional Basic Income]. 2007. (in Russ.)
Rom D. Banken erfinden Geld aus Luft Available at: www.derStandard.at. October 13, 2010). (Accessed: December 8, 2019). (in German).
Ford M. The Rise of the Robots. Technology and the Threat of Mass Unemployment. Oneworld Book. 2015. 334 p.
Blanchflower D. G. Not working. Where All the Good Jobs Gone? Princeton University Press. 2019. 440 p.
Skidelsky R., Skidelsky E. How Much is Enough? Money and Good Life. Penguin Books. London. 2013. 243 p.
Santens S. Personal site of the author. Available at: http://www.scottsantens.com/ (Accessed: December 8, 2019).
Howard M. W. Basic Income, Liberal Neutrality, Socialism, and Work. Review of Social Economy. Vol. 63. No. 4. December 2005. P. 613–631.
Specianova J. Labor Supply Elasticity in the Unconditional Basic Income System: Data Sources and Methodological Issues. European Scientific Journal. Vol. 14. No. 4. February 2018. P. 13–29.
Martinelli L. The Fiscal and Distributional Implications of Alternative Universal Basic Income Schemes in the UK. IPR Working Paper. Bath. Institute for Policy Research, University of Bath. 2017. Available at: https://www.bath.ac.uk/publications/the-fiscal-and-distributional-implications-of-alternative-universal-basic-income-schemes-in-the-uk/attachments/basic-income-working-paper.pdf. (Accessed: October18, 2019).
Martinelli L. Exploring the distributional and work incentive effects of plausible illustrative Basic Income schemes. IPR Working Paper. Bath. Institute for Policy Research, University of Bath. 2017. Available at: https://www.bath.ac.uk/ipr/publications/reports/work-incentive-effects-on-basic- income.html. (Accessed: October18, 2019).
Martinelli, L. Assessing the case for a Universal Basic Income in the UK. IPR Working Paper. Bath. Institute for Policy Research, University of Bath. 2017. Available at: https://www.bath.ac.uk/ publications/assessing-the-case-for-a-universal-basic-income-in-the-uk/. (Accessed: October 18, 2019).
Lansley S., Reed H. Universal Basic Income: An idea whose time has come? London. Compass. 2016. Available at: http://www.compassonline.org.uk/publications/universal-basic-income-an-idea-whose-time-has-come/. (Accessed: October18, 2019).
Lansley. S, Reed H. Basic Income for all: From desirability to feasibility. London. Compass. 2019. Available at: http://www.compassonline.org.uk/basic-income-for-all/. (Accessed: October18, 2019).
Atkinson A. B., Chrysa L., Nolan B., Sutherland H., Tasseva I. Reducing poverty and inequality through tax-benefit reform and the minimum wage: the UK as a case-study. EUROMOD Working Paper. Series EM 13/17. Colchester: Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex. 2017. Available at: https://www.euromod.ac.uk/sites/default/files/working-papers/em13–17.pdf (Accessed: October 18, 2019).
Torry M. Static microsimulation research on Citizen’s Basic Income for the UK: a personal summary and further reflections EUROMOD Working Paper. Series EM13/19. Available at: https://www.iser. essex.ac.uk/research/publications/working-papers/euromod/em13–19 (Accessed: October18, 2019).
Zolotov A. V. Marks i Keyns o sokrashchenii rabochego vremeni: prognozy nesbyvshiyesya, no genial’nyye [Marx and Keynes on the reduction of working time: forecasts unfulfilled, but brilliant]. Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo universiteta im. N. I. Lobachevskogo. Seriya: Sotsial’nyye nauki [Bulletin of Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod University. Series: Social Sciences]. 2015. No. 4 (40). P. 27–35. (in Russ.)
Lyashchenko A. A., Antonova N. A. Kardinal’nyye izmeneniya trudovykh otnosheniy kak rezul’tat vnedreniya sotsial’noy kak rezul’tat vnedreniya sotsial’noy kontseptsii basic income [Dramatic changes in labor relations as a result of the introduction of the social concept of basic income]. Aktual’nyye problemy reformirovaniya sovremennogo zakonodatel’stva [Actual Problems of Reforming Modern Legislation]. Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference. Ufa. 2017. P. 145–148 (in Russ.)
Zolotov S. A., Shilov M. L. Bezuslovnyy osnovnoy dokhod: sushchnost’ i problemy realizatsii [Universal basic income: the essence and problems of implementation]. Vestnik NGIEI [Bulletin of NGIEI]. 2016. No. 9(64). P. 7–14. (in Russ.)
Yezhova V. D., Nikolayeva N. A. Bezuslovnyy bazovyy dokhod: polozhitel’nyye i otritsatel’nyye storony [Universal basic income: positive and negative sides]. Problemy formirovaniya yedinogo prostranstva ekonomicheskogo i sotsial’nogo razvitiya stran SNG (SNG — 2018) [Problems of the Formation of a Single Space for Economic and Social Development of the CIS countries (CIS — 2018)]. Materials of the annual International scientific-practical conference. Eds. O. M. Barabakov, Yu. A. Zobnin. Tyumenskiy industrial’nyy universitet [Tyumen Industrial University]. 2018. P. 184–187. (in Russ.)
Prokhorenko Yu.I., Krasnomovets Z. A. Bezuslovnyy bazovyy dokhod: praktika i istoricheskaya perspektiva [Unconditional basic income: practice and historical perspective]. Uchenyye zametki TOGU [Scientific Notes of Pacific State University]. 2019. Vol. 10. No. 1. P. 222–223. (in Russ.)
Gontmakher E. Sh. Bazovyy dokhod: prolog k sotsial’noy politike XXI veka? [Basic income: a prologue to 21st Century social policy?] Ekonomicheskaya politika [Economic Policy]. 2019. Vol. 14. No. 2. P. 156–177. (in Russ.) DOI: 10.18288/1994–5124–2019–2–156–177
Zolotov S. A. Potentsial’noye vliyaniye bezuslovnogo osnovnogo dokhoda na summarnyye zatraty rabochego vremeni v ekonomike Rossii [Potential impact of universal basic income on the total cost of working time in the Russian economy]. Uchenyye zapiski Krymskogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta [Scientific Notes of the Crimean Pedagogical University]. 2018. — No. 2 (60). P. 107–112. (in Russ.)
Kislitsyna O. A. Vvedeniye sistemy BBD: chto dumayut rossiyane? Kto «za», kto «protiv»? [Introduction of the system of unconditional basic income: what do Russians think about it? Who is for, who is against?] Vestnik Instituta ekonomiki Rossiyskoy akademii nauk [Bulletin of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences]. 2019. No. 3. P. 32–47. (in Russ.) DOI: 10.24411/2073– 6487–2019–10030.
Kontseptsiya bezuslovnogo osnovnogo dokhoda i perspektivy yeye realizatsii v usloviyakh novykh sotsial’nykh i tekhnologicheskikh vyzovov [The concept of universal basic income and prospects for its implementation in the face of new social and technological challenges]. Grant RFBR No. 19–010– 00416. (in Russ.)
Finlyandiya budet vyplachivat’ grazhdanam po 800 yevro v mesyats [Finland will pay to citizens 800 euros per month]. Available at: https://polit.ru/news/2015/11/03/finland_income/ (Accessed: January 16, 2020). (in Russ.)
Zi-Ann Lum. A Canadian city once eliminated poverty and nearly everyone forgot about it. The Huffington Post. December 23, 2014. (Accessed: January 16, 2020).
Krasilnikova Yu. V Kanade svorachivayut eksperiment s BODom [In Canada, the experiment with UBI is being curtailed]. Available at: https://hightech.plus/2018/08/01/v-kanade-svorachivayut-eksperiment-s-bodom (August 1, 2019). (Accessed: December 8, 2019). (in Russ.)
What is the Alaska Permanent Fund? Available at: https://web.archive.org/web/20120728225046/http://www.apfc.org/home/Content/aboutFund/aboutPermFund.cfm. (Accessed: January 16, 2020).
Here’s how the experiment works. Available at: https://www.givedirectly.org/ubi-study/ (Accessed: October 18, 2019).
Rasshireniye pilotnogo proyekta po realizatsii osnovnogo dokhoda v Rossii [Expansion of the pilot project on implementation of the main income in Russia]. Available at: https://ubiru.org/payments- basic-income-russia/ (Accessed: December 8, 2019). (in Russ.)
Bezuslovnyy bazovyy dokhod: eksperimenty i praktika [Universal basic income: experiments and practice]. Ekonomika. Vesti.Ru [Economy. Vesti.Ru]. February 17, 2017. https://www.vestifinance.ru/ articles/81501 (Accessed: January 16, 2020). (in Russ.)
Primery tekushchikh eksperimentov osnovnogo dokhoda v mire [Examples of ongoing experiments on core income in the world]. Available at: https://ubiru.org/basic-income-world/ (Accessed: October 23, 2019). (in Russ.)
Chernykh E. A. Bezuslovnyy bazovyy dokhod: otnosheniye obshchestvennogo mneniya i finansovo- ekonomicheskiye aspekty vnedreniya [Universal basic income: the attitude of public opinion and the financial and economic aspects of implementation]. Uroven’ zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii [Living Standards of the Population of Russian Regions]. 2019. No. 4. P. 70–84. (in Russ.) DOI: 10.24411/1999–9836–2019–10083
Bobkov V. N., Dolgushkin N. K., Odintsova E. V. Bezuslovnyy bazovyy dokhod: razmyshleniya o vozmozhnom vliyanii na povysheniye urovnya i kachestva zhizni i ustoychivosti obshchestva [Universal basic income: reflections on the possible impact on improving the level and quality of life and sustainability of society]. Uroven’ zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii [Living Standards of the Population of Russian Regions]. 2019. No. 3(213). P. 8–26. (in Russ.) DOI: 10.24411/1999–9836–2019– 10069
Shveytsartsy otkazalis’ ot yezhemesyachnykh posobiy [The Swiss have refused monthly benefits]. Correspondent.Net. June 5, 2016. Available at: https://korrespondent.net/world/3693089-shveitsartsy-otkazalys-ot-ezhemesiachnykh-posobyi (Accessed: January 16, 2020). (in Russ.)
Bobkov V. N., Gulyugina A. A., Odintsova E. V. Metodologicheskiye podkhody k usileniyu adresnosti sotsial’noy podderzhki maloimushchikh semey s det’mi [Methodological approaches to strengthening the targeting of social support for poor families with children]. Uroven’ zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii [Living Standards of the Population of Russian Regions]. 2019. No. 1(211). P. 9–19. (in Russ.) DOI: 10.24411/1999–9836–2019–10049
Bobkov V. N. Povysheniye adresnosti sotsial’noy podderzhki maloimushchikh semey s det’mi: vologodskiy pilotnyy proyekt [Improvement of the targeted social support for low-income families with children: Vologda pilot project]. Narodonaselenie [Population]. 2019. Vol. 22. No. 1. P. 106–121 (in Russ.) DOI: 10.24411/1561–7785–2019–00008
More Th. Utopia. Kiev. Dnipro. 1988. 206 p. 206 p. (in Russ.)
Paine Th. Agrarian Justice. 1797.
Marx K. Kapital. [Capital]. Vol. I. Ch. IV In: K. Marx, F. Engels. Sochineniya [Collected Works]. Vol. 23. P. 181–182. Moscow. Politizdat. 1960. (Russian edition)
Friedman M. The case for the negative income tax: a view from the right. Issues of American Public Policy. Ed. J. H. Bunzel. Englewood Cliffs. NJ: Prentice-Hall. 1968.
Hayek F. A. von. Law, Legislation and Freedom: A Modern Understanding of the Liberal Principles of Justice and Politics. Transl. from English by B. Pinsker and A. Kustarev. Ed. A. Kuryaeva. Moscow. IRISEN. 2006. 664 p. (in Russ.)
Standing G. Basic Income: And How We Can Make It Happen. Pelican Books. 2017. 374 p.
Van Parijs Ph. A Basic Income for All. Boston Review. October 2000.
Van Parijs Ph., Vanderborght Ya. Basic Income: A Radical Proposal for a Free Society and a Sane Economy. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. 2017. 400 p.
Fülzak M. Utopicheskiy perfektsionizm. Razmyshleniya na temu osnovnogo dokhoda v globalizirovannom mire [Utopian perfectionism. Reflections on the topic of basic income in a globalized world]. In: J. Drescher. Ideya osvobozhdayushchego bezuslovnogo osnovnogo dokhoda [The Idea of Liberating Unconditional Basic Income]. 2007. (in Russ.)
Rom D. Banken erfinden Geld aus Luft Available at: www.derStandard.at. October 13, 2010). (Accessed: December 8, 2019). (in German).
Ford M. The Rise of the Robots. Technology and the Threat of Mass Unemployment. Oneworld Book. 2015. 334 p.
Blanchflower D. G. Not working. Where All the Good Jobs Gone? Princeton University Press. 2019. 440 p.
Skidelsky R., Skidelsky E. How Much is Enough? Money and Good Life. Penguin Books. London. 2013. 243 p.
Santens S. Personal site of the author. Available at: http://www.scottsantens.com/ (Accessed: December 8, 2019).
Howard M. W. Basic Income, Liberal Neutrality, Socialism, and Work. Review of Social Economy. Vol. 63. No. 4. December 2005. P. 613–631.
Specianova J. Labor Supply Elasticity in the Unconditional Basic Income System: Data Sources and Methodological Issues. European Scientific Journal. Vol. 14. No. 4. February 2018. P. 13–29.
Martinelli L. The Fiscal and Distributional Implications of Alternative Universal Basic Income Schemes in the UK. IPR Working Paper. Bath. Institute for Policy Research, University of Bath. 2017. Available at: https://www.bath.ac.uk/publications/the-fiscal-and-distributional-implications-of-alternative-universal-basic-income-schemes-in-the-uk/attachments/basic-income-working-paper.pdf. (Accessed: October18, 2019).
Martinelli L. Exploring the distributional and work incentive effects of plausible illustrative Basic Income schemes. IPR Working Paper. Bath. Institute for Policy Research, University of Bath. 2017. Available at: https://www.bath.ac.uk/ipr/publications/reports/work-incentive-effects-on-basic- income.html. (Accessed: October18, 2019).
Martinelli, L. Assessing the case for a Universal Basic Income in the UK. IPR Working Paper. Bath. Institute for Policy Research, University of Bath. 2017. Available at: https://www.bath.ac.uk/ publications/assessing-the-case-for-a-universal-basic-income-in-the-uk/. (Accessed: October 18, 2019).
Lansley S., Reed H. Universal Basic Income: An idea whose time has come? London. Compass. 2016. Available at: http://www.compassonline.org.uk/publications/universal-basic-income-an-idea-whose-time-has-come/. (Accessed: October18, 2019).
Lansley. S, Reed H. Basic Income for all: From desirability to feasibility. London. Compass. 2019. Available at: http://www.compassonline.org.uk/basic-income-for-all/. (Accessed: October18, 2019).
Atkinson A. B., Chrysa L., Nolan B., Sutherland H., Tasseva I. Reducing poverty and inequality through tax-benefit reform and the minimum wage: the UK as a case-study. EUROMOD Working Paper. Series EM 13/17. Colchester: Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex. 2017. Available at: https://www.euromod.ac.uk/sites/default/files/working-papers/em13–17.pdf (Accessed: October 18, 2019).
Torry M. Static microsimulation research on Citizen’s Basic Income for the UK: a personal summary and further reflections EUROMOD Working Paper. Series EM13/19. Available at: https://www.iser. essex.ac.uk/research/publications/working-papers/euromod/em13–19 (Accessed: October18, 2019).
Zolotov A. V. Marks i Keyns o sokrashchenii rabochego vremeni: prognozy nesbyvshiyesya, no genial’nyye [Marx and Keynes on the reduction of working time: forecasts unfulfilled, but brilliant]. Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo universiteta im. N. I. Lobachevskogo. Seriya: Sotsial’nyye nauki [Bulletin of Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod University. Series: Social Sciences]. 2015. No. 4 (40). P. 27–35. (in Russ.)
Lyashchenko A. A., Antonova N. A. Kardinal’nyye izmeneniya trudovykh otnosheniy kak rezul’tat vnedreniya sotsial’noy kak rezul’tat vnedreniya sotsial’noy kontseptsii basic income [Dramatic changes in labor relations as a result of the introduction of the social concept of basic income]. Aktual’nyye problemy reformirovaniya sovremennogo zakonodatel’stva [Actual Problems of Reforming Modern Legislation]. Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference. Ufa. 2017. P. 145–148 (in Russ.)
Zolotov S. A., Shilov M. L. Bezuslovnyy osnovnoy dokhod: sushchnost’ i problemy realizatsii [Universal basic income: the essence and problems of implementation]. Vestnik NGIEI [Bulletin of NGIEI]. 2016. No. 9(64). P. 7–14. (in Russ.)
Yezhova V. D., Nikolayeva N. A. Bezuslovnyy bazovyy dokhod: polozhitel’nyye i otritsatel’nyye storony [Universal basic income: positive and negative sides]. Problemy formirovaniya yedinogo prostranstva ekonomicheskogo i sotsial’nogo razvitiya stran SNG (SNG — 2018) [Problems of the Formation of a Single Space for Economic and Social Development of the CIS countries (CIS — 2018)]. Materials of the annual International scientific-practical conference. Eds. O. M. Barabakov, Yu. A. Zobnin. Tyumenskiy industrial’nyy universitet [Tyumen Industrial University]. 2018. P. 184–187. (in Russ.)
Prokhorenko Yu.I., Krasnomovets Z. A. Bezuslovnyy bazovyy dokhod: praktika i istoricheskaya perspektiva [Unconditional basic income: practice and historical perspective]. Uchenyye zametki TOGU [Scientific Notes of Pacific State University]. 2019. Vol. 10. No. 1. P. 222–223. (in Russ.)
Gontmakher E. Sh. Bazovyy dokhod: prolog k sotsial’noy politike XXI veka? [Basic income: a prologue to 21st Century social policy?] Ekonomicheskaya politika [Economic Policy]. 2019. Vol. 14. No. 2. P. 156–177. (in Russ.) DOI: 10.18288/1994–5124–2019–2–156–177
Zolotov S. A. Potentsial’noye vliyaniye bezuslovnogo osnovnogo dokhoda na summarnyye zatraty rabochego vremeni v ekonomike Rossii [Potential impact of universal basic income on the total cost of working time in the Russian economy]. Uchenyye zapiski Krymskogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta [Scientific Notes of the Crimean Pedagogical University]. 2018. — No. 2 (60). P. 107–112. (in Russ.)
Kislitsyna O. A. Vvedeniye sistemy BBD: chto dumayut rossiyane? Kto «za», kto «protiv»? [Introduction of the system of unconditional basic income: what do Russians think about it? Who is for, who is against?] Vestnik Instituta ekonomiki Rossiyskoy akademii nauk [Bulletin of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences]. 2019. No. 3. P. 32–47. (in Russ.) DOI: 10.24411/2073– 6487–2019–10030.
Kontseptsiya bezuslovnogo osnovnogo dokhoda i perspektivy yeye realizatsii v usloviyakh novykh sotsial’nykh i tekhnologicheskikh vyzovov [The concept of universal basic income and prospects for its implementation in the face of new social and technological challenges]. Grant RFBR No. 19–010– 00416. (in Russ.)
Finlyandiya budet vyplachivat’ grazhdanam po 800 yevro v mesyats [Finland will pay to citizens 800 euros per month]. Available at: https://polit.ru/news/2015/11/03/finland_income/ (Accessed: January 16, 2020). (in Russ.)
Zi-Ann Lum. A Canadian city once eliminated poverty and nearly everyone forgot about it. The Huffington Post. December 23, 2014. (Accessed: January 16, 2020).
Krasilnikova Yu. V Kanade svorachivayut eksperiment s BODom [In Canada, the experiment with UBI is being curtailed]. Available at: https://hightech.plus/2018/08/01/v-kanade-svorachivayut-eksperiment-s-bodom (August 1, 2019). (Accessed: December 8, 2019). (in Russ.)
What is the Alaska Permanent Fund? Available at: https://web.archive.org/web/20120728225046/http://www.apfc.org/home/Content/aboutFund/aboutPermFund.cfm. (Accessed: January 16, 2020).
Here’s how the experiment works. Available at: https://www.givedirectly.org/ubi-study/ (Accessed: October 18, 2019).
Rasshireniye pilotnogo proyekta po realizatsii osnovnogo dokhoda v Rossii [Expansion of the pilot project on implementation of the main income in Russia]. Available at: https://ubiru.org/payments- basic-income-russia/ (Accessed: December 8, 2019). (in Russ.)
Article
Received: 10.12.2019
Accepted: 30.03.2020
Citation Formats
Other cite formats:
APA
Bobkov, V. N., Odintsova, E. V., & Chernykh, E. A. (2020). Universal basic income as regulator of improving the standards and quality of life: statement of the problem and introduction to analysis. Population, 23(1), 13-27. https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2020.23.1.2
Section
QUALITY, STANDARDS AND CONDITIONS OF POPULATION LIFE
