Gender stereotypes in digital society: modern tendencies
Research Article
How to Cite
Khasbulatova O.A., Smirnova I.N. Gender stereotypes in digital society: modern tendencies. Population. 2020. Vol. 23. No. 2. P. 161-171. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2020.23.2.14 (in Russ.).
Abstract
The relevance of this article is determined by the sustainable reproduction of gender stereotypes in various areas of Russian society. It is shown that gender stereotypes act as part of a person’s motivational complex and, under certain conditions, become a barrier to its development. The purpose of the study is to determine the nature, functions and mechanisms of the impact of gender stereotypes on the life strategies of an individual in a digital society. Offering a typology of personal life strategies, the authors consider a system for transmitting gender stereotypes in preschool and school education. They consider two types of life strategies: the development strategy and the strategy of everyday life. The development strategy refers to the behavior of individuals, which corresponds to the rejection of dependent moods, focus on continuing education and professional success, creative use of their personal potential. The strategy of everyday life involves a focus on solving not long-term, but life’s immediate problems, as well as a high degree of dependence of an individual on the social support of the state. Using the example of content analysis of preschool children’s literature, as well as textbooks of primary, secondary and high school, the authors show that the set of professions and family roles represented in the studied content forms and broadcasts gender stereotypes about professions, occupations, and social roles. High degree of the influence of gender stereotypes on the choice of a profession is a barrier to the development of personality and has a negative impact on the quality of women’s human capital. The state and society may face the problem of a significant part of women abandoning the development strategy in favor of the daily life strategy. The results of the study can be used in the work of Federal and local authorities, in implementation of the Federal projects «Digital Economy» and «Education», as well as in scientific works on this issue.
Keywords:
gender stereotypes, digital society, life strategies, gender asymmetry, technology professions
References
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25. Gradusova L. V. Formirovanie gendernoj identichnosti doshkol’nikov v proektnoj dejatel’nosti [Formation of gender identity of preschoolers in project activities]. Mir detstva i obrazovanie: sbornik materialov VIII Vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii [The World of Childhood and Education. Proceedings of the VIII All-Russian scientific and practical conference]. Magnitogorsk. Magnitogorskij gosudarstvennyj tehnicheskij universitet imeni G. I. Nosova. [Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University]. 2014. P. 78–83. (in Russ.)
26. Savinskaya O. B. Gendernoe ravenstvo v STEM-programmah doshkol’nogo obrazovanija kak faktor uspeshnogo tehnologicheskogo razvitija Rossii [Gender equality in STEM-programs of preschool education as a factor in the successful technological development of Russia]. STEM: novye perspektivy professional’noj zanjatosti zhenshchin [STEM: New Prospects for Women’s Professional Employment]. Moscow. Akvarel’. 2016. P. 102–112. (in Russ.)
2. Connell R. W. Masculinities. Berkeley, Los-Angeles. University of California press. 1995. 324 p.
3. Deaux K., Lewis L. L. Structure of gender stereotypes: Interrelations among components and gender label. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1984. No. 45(5). P. 991–1004.
4. Lips H. M. Sex and Gender: An introduction. Virginia. Radford University press. 1997. 293 p.
5. Vinogradova T., Semenov V. Sravnitel’nye issledovanija poznavatel’nyh processov u muzhchin i zhenshсhin: rol’ biologicheskih i social’nyh faktorov [Comparative studies of cognitive processes in men and women: the role of biological and social factors]. Voprosy psihologii [Psychology Issues]. 1993. No. 2. P. 63–71. (in Russ.)
6. Gendernyj podhod v doshkol’noj pedagogike: teorija i praktika [Gender Approach in Preschool Pedagogy: Theory and Practice]. In 2 parts. L. V. Shtyleva (ed.). Murmansk. 2001. 352 p. (in Russ.)
7. Rjabova T.B., Rjabov O.V. Gendernye stereotipy kak faktor sotsial’nyh konfliktov [Gender stereotypes as a factor in social conflicts]. Vestnik Kostromskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. N.A. Nekrasova. Serija Psihologicheskie nauki: Akmeologija obrazovanija, Gendernaja psihologija [Bulletin of Nekrasov Kostroma State University. Series Psychological Sciences: Acmeology of Education, Gender Psychology]. 2005. Vol. 11. No. 4. P. 210–216. (in Russ.)
8. Rjabova T. B. Stereotipy i stereotipizatsija kak problema gendernyh issledovanij [Stereotypes and stereotyping as a problem of gender studies]. Lichnost’. Kul’tura. Obshchestvo [Personality. Culture. Society]. 2003. Vol. 5. No. 1–2 (15–16). P. 120–138. (in Russ.)
9. Khasbulatova O. A. Gendernyje stereotipy v politicheskoj kul’ture: spetsifika rossijskogo opyta [Gender stereotypes in political culture: specifics of the Russian experience]. Zhenshchina v rossijskom obshchestve [Woman in Russian Society]. 2001. No. 3/4. P. 17–24. (in Russ.)
10. Kletsina I. S. Gendernaja psihologija [Gender Psychology]. St. Petersburg. Piter. 2009. 496 p. (in Russ.)
11. Ashmore R. D., Del Boca F. K. The Social Psychology of Female-Male Relations: A critical analysis of central concepts. New York. Academic Press. 1986. 345 p.
12. Rjabov O. V. Natsija i gender v vizual’nyh reprezentatsijah voennoj propagandy [Nation and gender in the visual representations of military propaganda]. Zhenshchina v rossijskom obshchestve [Woman in Russian Society]. 2005. No. 3–4. P. 19–28. (in Russ.)
13. Rjabov O. V. «Otstoim Volgu-matushku!»: materinskij simvol reki v diskurse Stalingradskoj bitvy [«Defend Mother Volga!»: The mother symbol of the river in the discourse of the Battle of Stalingrad]. Zhenshchina v rossijskom obshchestve [Woman in Russian Society]. 2015. No. 2. P. 11–27. (in Russ.)
14. Rjabova T. B. Gendernye stereotipy kak faktor ocenki sub’’yektov politicheskogo protsessa [Gender stereotypes as a factor in assessing the subjects of the political process]. Zhenshchina v rossijskom obshchestve [Woman in Russian Society]. 2008. No. 2. P. 44–52. (in Russ.)
15. Basow S. A. Gender Stereotypes and Roles. California. Pacific Grove. 1992. 212 p.
16. Stroebe W., Insko C. A. Stereotype, prejudice, and discrimination: Changing conceptions in theory and research. Stereotyping and Prejudice: Changing Conceptions. New York. Springer Series in Social Psychology. 1989. P. 3–34.
17. Rjabova T. B. Gendernyje stereotipy i gendernaja stereotipizacija: metodologicheskije podhody [Gender stereotypes and gender stereotyping: methodological approaches]. Zhenshchina v rossijskom obshchestve [Woman in Russian Society]. 2001. No. 3–4. P. 3–12. (in Russ.)
18. Khotinets V. Yu. Etnicheskie stereotipy: gendernyj aspekt [Ethnic stereotypes: gender aspect]. Vestnik Udmurtskogo universiteta. Serija Filosofija. Psihologija. Pedagogika [Bulletin of the Udmurt University. Series Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy]. 2008. No. 2. P. 3–16. (in Russ.)
19. Voronina O. A. Gendernaja kul’tura v Rossii: tradicii i novacii [Gender Culture in Russia: Traditions and Innovations]. Moscow: Institut filosofii Rossijskoj akademii nauk. [Institute of Philosophy RAS]. 2018. 111 p. (In Russ.)
20. Selivanova O. S., Mokronosov G. V. SMI i gender: obraz zhenshchiny v reprezentativnyh praktikah sovremennoj rossijskoj kul’tury [Media and Gender: Image of Women in the Representative Practices of Modern Russian Culture]. Ekaterinburg. 2007. 77 p. (in Russ.)
21. Zabegalina S. V. Osobennosti soderzhanija gendernyh stereotipov v detskom vozraste [Features of the content of gender stereotypes in childhood]. Sem’ja, brak i roditel’stvo v sovremennoj Rossii. Vypusk 2. [Family, Marriage and Parenthood in Modern Russia. Issue 2]. A. V. Makhnach, K. B. Zuyeva (eds.). Moscow. Institut psihologii RAN. [Institute of Psychology RAS]. 2015. P. 96–104. (in Russ.)
22. Trofimova N. B., Chikina M. A. Gendernye stereotipy doshkol’nikov i mladshih shkol’nikov [Gender stereotypes of preschoolers and primary school children]. Izvestija Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta [Bulletin of Voronezh State Pedagogical University]. 2017. No. 1(274). P. 198–201. (in Russ.)
23. Ageev A. I., Aver’janov M. A., Evtushenko S. N., Kochetova E. Yu. Tsifrovoe obshhestvo: arhitektura, principy, videnie [Digital society: architecture, principles, vision]. Ekonomicheskie strategii [Economic Strategies]. 2017. No. 1. P. 114–125. (in Russ.)
24. Smirnova A. V. Uchimsja zhit’ v obshchestve. Gendernyj analiz shkol’nyh uchebnikov [Learning to Live in Society. Gender analysis of school textbooks]. Moscow. Olita. 2005. 80 p. (in Russ.)
25. Gradusova L. V. Formirovanie gendernoj identichnosti doshkol’nikov v proektnoj dejatel’nosti [Formation of gender identity of preschoolers in project activities]. Mir detstva i obrazovanie: sbornik materialov VIII Vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii [The World of Childhood and Education. Proceedings of the VIII All-Russian scientific and practical conference]. Magnitogorsk. Magnitogorskij gosudarstvennyj tehnicheskij universitet imeni G. I. Nosova. [Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University]. 2014. P. 78–83. (in Russ.)
26. Savinskaya O. B. Gendernoe ravenstvo v STEM-programmah doshkol’nogo obrazovanija kak faktor uspeshnogo tehnologicheskogo razvitija Rossii [Gender equality in STEM-programs of preschool education as a factor in the successful technological development of Russia]. STEM: novye perspektivy professional’noj zanjatosti zhenshchin [STEM: New Prospects for Women’s Professional Employment]. Moscow. Akvarel’. 2016. P. 102–112. (in Russ.)
Article
Received: 13.03.2020
Accepted: 13.06.2020
Citation Formats
Other cite formats:
APA
Khasbulatova, O. A., & Smirnova, I. N. (2020). Gender stereotypes in digital society: modern tendencies. Population, 23(2), 161-171. https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2020.23.2.14
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