Modern gender policy in Russia and China
Research Article
How to Cite
Belikova M.V., Latinov G.I. Modern gender policy in Russia and China. Population. 2021. Vol. 24. No. 3. P. 151-161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.3.12 (in Russ.).
Abstract
The problems of building and realizing the self-identity of men and women through the practice of gender awareness education are relevant to all countries and cultures to varying degrees. The article attempts to conduct a comparative analysis of gender policy in Russia and China at the present stage in two aspects: education in the field of equality of rights and opportunities of men and women; correction of gender stereotypes and biases. The specificity of the approach to solving gender problems correlates with the national-cultural, political, religious, and ethical characteristics of the Russian and Chinese peoples. In Russia, as in China, the norms and principles of interaction between men and women, as well as the equality of their rights and opportunities in social life, are formally recognized by society and legalized, that contributes to spread of egalitarian views and attitudes. However, the declarative nature of this recognition often manifests itself in the lives of citizens of both States. Nevertheless, the traditional gender stereotypes are being overcome in Russian and Chinese society (in each in its own way), the authorities are trying to expand the legislative framework on gender equality of men and women, attract administrative resources to improve the level of gender culture of the population, as well as develop and implement programs designed for women. The strategic direction of gender policy and gender awareness education remains the development of a systematic approach to the presence of a gender component in the understanding of social processes, to the integration of the achievements of both sexes in the organization of society.
Keywords:
gender policy, Sustainable Development Goals, gender awareness education, gender identity, gender stereotypes
References
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2. Klyuchko, O. I., Shtylyova, L. V. Genderny'e transformatsii v mental'nosti sovremennykh rossijskikh shkol'nits. [Gender transformations in the mentality of modern Russian schoolgirls]. Perspektivy nauki i obrazovaniya. [Perspectives of Science and Education]. 2019. No. 2(38). Р. 240-255. DOI: 10.32744/pse.2019.2.18. (in Russ.)
3. Abramova, A. A. Sushhestvujet li fenomen «steklyannogo potolka» v sovremennoj rossijskoj real'nosti? [Does the phenomenon "of glass ceiling" exist in the present Russian reality?] Nauka. me. Available at: https://nauka.me/s241328880013302-6-1/ DOI: 10.18254/S241328880013302-6. (Accessed: 4 May 2021). (in Russ.)
4. Fe'j Syaotun. Kitajskaya derevnya glazami etnografa. [Chinese Village through the Eyes of Ethnographer]. Moscow. Nauka. [Science]. 1989. 247 р. (in Russ.)
5. Czzinlin Che'n. Gendernaya politika Kitaya. [Gender policy of China]. Vestnik Zabajkal'skogo gos. un-ta. [Transbaikal State University Journal]. 2016. Vol. 22. No. 10. Р. 83-88. DOI: 10.21209/2227¬9245-2016-22-10-83-88. (in Russ.)
6. Shvetsova A. V. O realizatsii printsipov gendernogo obrazovaniya v rossijskikh vuzakh. [On implementation of the principles of gender education in Russian higher education establishments]. Pedagogicheskoje obrazovanije v Rossii. [Pedagogical Education in Russia]. 2017. No. 2. Р. 67-73. (in Russ.)
7. Lipatova S. D. Gendernyj podkhod v obrazovanii: istoriya i sovremennost'. [Gender approach in education: history and modernity]. Ural industrial'nyj. Bakuninskie chteniya [Ural Industrial: Bakunin Readings]. Proceedings of the VIII All-Russian scientific conference. Yekaterinburg, 27-28 April 2007. Vol. 1. Yekaterinburg. AMB. 2007. Р. 350-354. ISBN 978-5-8057-0592-3. (in Russ.)
8. Kostikova I. V., Kostikova A. A. Spetsifika filosofii gendernogo obrazovaniya. [Specifics of gender education philosophy]. Professional'noje obrazovanije v sovremennom mire. [Professional Education in the Modern World]. 2018. Vol. 7. No. 4. P. 1498-1504. DOI: 10.15372/PEMW20170422. (in Russ.)
9. Kurganskaya M. Yu., Pertaya M. V. Gendernoje obrazovanije kak glavnyj instrument oslableniya gendernoj diskriminacii na rynke truda. [Gender education as the main instrument of reducing gender discrimination in the labor market]. Problemy sovremennogo pedagogicheskogo obrazovaniya. [Modern Pedagogical Education Issues]. 2018. No. 60-2. Р. 221-223. (in Russ.)
10. Rimashevskaya, N. M. Gendernye stereotipy ilogika social'nykh otnoshenij. [Gender stereotypes the logic of social relations]. O nasilii v otnoshenii zhenshhin [On Violence against Women]. Editing and preface by N. M. Rimashevskaya. Moscow. KomKniga. 2005. 353 р. (in Russ.)
11. Ovcharova, О. G. Gendernoje obrazovanije v Rossii: mezhdunarodno-pravovyje faktory razvitiya. [Gender education in Russia: international law factors of development]. Rossiya i Yevropa: Global'nyje izmeneniya i sovremennoje razvitije. [Russia and Europe: Global Changes and Contempotary Development]. Available at: http://sdwomen.ru/history/99-gendernoe-obrazovanie-v-ossii.html (Accessed: 15 April 2021). (in Russ.)
12. Teoriya i praktika realizatsii gendernogo podkhoda v obrazovanii [Theory and Practice of Gender Approach Implementation in Education]. Proceedings of All-Russian conference, 16 June 2016, Moscow. Ed. L. Yu. Maksimova. Moskow. Fizmatkniga. 2016. 544 р. (in Russ.).
13. Lunyakova, L. G. Razvitije i rasprostranenije gendernykh znanij i gendernogo obrazovaniya v Rossii: vklad MCzGI. [Development and spread of gender knowledge and gender education in Russia: Contribution of Moscow Center for gender Studies]. Ravnyje prava i ravnyje vozmozhnosti zhenshchin i muzhchin v sfere vysshego obrazovaniya. Gendernoe obrazovanie v Rossii. [Equal Rights and Equal Opportunities of Women and Men in the Sphere of Higher Education. Gender Education in Russia]. Moscow. Maks-Press. 2008. Р. 225-236. (in Russ.)
14. Van Li. Issledovanije politicheskogo uchastiya zhenshhin v razvitii Kitaya. [Study of political participation of women in development of China]. Datsinskij pedagogicheskij zhurnal. [Datsin Pedagogical Journal]. 2008. No. 4. Р. 42-43. (in Russ.)
15. Steinhauer I. Sex and Sexual Education in China: Traditional Values and Social Implications. 2016. Digital Collections. Available at: digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/2291 (Accessed: 15 April 2021).
16. Fincher L. H. Leftover Women: The Resurgence of Gender Inequality in China. London. Zed Books. 2014. 224 p.
17. Ming Tsui, Lynne Rich. The only child and educational opportunity for girls in urban China. Gender and Society. Vol. 16. No. 1 (Feb. 2002). Р.74-92. DOI: 10.1177/0891243202016001005.
18. Voronina, O. A. Gender i kul'tura. [Gender and culture]. Zhenshhiny i socialnaya politika: gendernyj aspekt. [Women and Social Policy: Gender Aspect]. Ed. Z. A. Khotkina. Moscow. ISEPN RAN [Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population RAS]. 1992. Р. 10-22. (in Russ.)
19. Lam N. G. Beyond #MeToo in China. Made in China Journal. 2019. No. 1. P. 64-71.
20. Babiarz K. S. et al. Population sex imbalance in China before the one-child policy. Demographic-Research.org. Available at: www.demographic-research.org/Volumes/Vol40/13/ DOI: 10.4054/ DemRes.2019.40.13. (Accessed: 15 April 2021).
21. Dampilon N. B. Yuridicheskij status zhenshchin v Kitae: osushchestvlenije egalitarizma v semejnom prave. [Legal status of women in China: egalitarianism in family law]. Vestnik Buryatskogo gosuniversiteta. [Bulletin of Buryat State University]. 2011. No. 8. Р. 6-10. (in Russ.)
22. Hung J. Gender Equality in China. Oxford Human Rights Hub. Available at: http://ohrh.law.ox.ac.uk/gender-equality-in-china/ (Accessed: 15 April 2021).
Article
Received: 07.06.2021
Accepted: 22.09.2021
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APA
Belikova, M. V., & Latinov, G. I. (2021). Modern gender policy in Russia and China. Population, 24(3), 151-161. https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.3.12
Section
DEMOGRAPHY: THEORY AND PRACTICE ISSUES
