Gender differences in life expectancy of the population of Tatarstan
Research Article
How to Cite
Ibragimova A.A. Gender differences in life expectancy of the population of Tatarstan. Population. 2021. Vol. 24. No. 4. P. 47-57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.4.4 (in Russ.).
Abstract
During the spread of coronavirus infection around the world, much attention is being paid to study of excessive mortality of the population, which has impact on life expectancy. Achieving the goals set by the Government of the Russian Federation to achieve life expectancy of 78 years by 2030 depends on many factors, including reduction of gender differences in life expectancy and excess mortality of the male population from various classes of causes. But in 2020 there was a turning point which led to a decrease in life expectancy to the level of 2014. This fact requires a more detailed study of the negative consequences of gender differences in this demographic indicator. The data of Rosstat and the sociological study "Demographic well-being of Tatarstan" conducted by the Family and Demography Center of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences served as an information resource. The purpose of the article is to identify the main social consequences of gender differences in life expectancy. The main socio-cultural and behavioral factors of male mortality are highlighted. Among the behavioral factors that are closest to explaining the high mortality of Russian men is alcohol consumption, which is considered as an optional phenomenon of suicide. The direct expression (consequence) of a certain behavior is the most characteristic tendency of men to neglect their own health. In order to change the situation, only the state policy on development of measures aimed at creating conditions for raising the life expectancy is not sufficient, it is also necessary to change the consciousness of men to form motivation for the need to preserve and strengthen health.
Keywords:
life expectancy, gender, men, birth rate, mortality, working-age population, health
References
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3. Van Oyen H., Nusselder W., Jagger C. et al. Gender differences in healthy life years within the EU: an exploration of the "health-survival" paradox. Int. Journal Public Health. 2013. No. 58. Р. 143-155. DOI: 10.1007/s00038-012-0361-1.
4. Austad S. N. Why women live longer than men: sex differences in longevity. Gender Medicine. 2006. No. 3. Р. 79-92.
5. Barendregt J. J., Bonneux L., Van der Maas P. J. Health expectancy: an indicator for change? Epidemiology and Community Health. 1994. No. 48. Р. 482-487.
6. Barford A., Dorling D., Smith G., Shaw M. Life expectancy: women now on top everywhere. British Medical Journal. 2006. No. 332. 808 р.
7. Gjonqa A., Tomassini C., Toson B., Smallwood S. Sex differences in mortality. A comparison of the United Kingdom and other developed countries. Health Statistics. 2005. No. 26. Р. 6-16.
8. Jacobsen R., Oksuzyan A., Engberg H., Jeune B., Vaupel J., Christensen K. Sex differential in mortality trends of old-aged Danes: a nation-wide study of age, period and cohort effects. European Journal of Epidemiology. 2008. No. 23. Р. 723-730.
9. Leon D. A. Trends in European life expectancy: a salutary view. Int. Journal of Epidemiology. 2011. No. 40. Р. 271-277.
10. Pampel F. C. Sex differences in mortality from lung cancer in high-income nations. Demography. 2003. No. 40. Р. 45-65.
11. Preston S. H., Wang H. Sex mortality differences in the United States: the role of cohort smoking patterns. Demography. 2006. No. 43. Р. 631-646.
12. McCartney G., Mahmood L., Leyland A. H., Batty G. D., Hunt K. Contribution of smoking-related and alcohol-related deaths to the gender gap in mortality: evidence from 30 European countries. Tobacco Control. 2011. No. 20. Р. 166-168.
13. «Chornyy lebed'» v beloy maske ["Black Swan" in a white mask]. Analytical Report to the first anniversary of the CAVID-19 pandemic. Ed. by S. M. Plaksin, A. B. Zhulin, S. A. Farizova. Moscow. Izd. dom Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki [Higher School of Economics], 2021. 336 p. (in Russ.)
14. Demograficheskiy doklad-2020. Demograficheskoye samochuvstviye Respubliki Tatarstan: statisticheskiy monitoring i refleksii naseleniya [Demographic Report-2020. Demographic Well-Being of the Republic of Tatarstan: Statistical Monitoring and Reflection of the Population]. Ed. by Ch. I. Ildarkhanova. Kazan. Izd-vo Akademii nauk RT [Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan], 2020. 578 p. (in Russ.)
15. Belov V. I., Gorokhov V. F. Muzhskaya smertnost' v Rossii [Male mortality in Russia]. Vestnik TGU. Gumanitarnyye nauki. Filosofiya, sotsiologiya i kul'turologiya [Tomsk State University Jounal. Humanities. Philosophy, Sociology and Cultural Studies]. 2013. Issue 5. Р. 190-197. (in Russ.)
16. Durkheim E. Samoubiystvo [Suicide]. St. Petersburg. Soyuz [Union], 1998. 496 p. (in Russ.)
Article
Received: 08.08.2021
Accepted: 09.12.2021
Citation Formats
Other cite formats:
APA
Ibragimova, A. A. (2021). Gender differences in life expectancy of the population of Tatarstan. Population, 24(4), 47-57. https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.4.4
Section
DEMOGRAPHY: THEORY AND PRACTICE ISSUES
