Child poverty: phenomenon and characteristics
Research Article
How to Cite
Tkachenko A.A. Child poverty: phenomenon and characteristics. Population. 2022. Vol. 25. No. 1. P. 43-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.1.4 (in Russ.).
Abstract
Child poverty occupies a special place in the fight against poverty of national governments and international organizations. Reducing child poverty and eradicating child extreme poverty should be a priority in the social and economic policy of any state. The aim of the study is to analyze child poverty in Russia, the United States and developing countries. Special attention is paid to the analysis of approaches to the study and tracking of child poverty by national systems and international organizations; the special significance of the negative impact of poverty in children on epigenetic, immunological, physiological, psychological types of adaptation at the age of 2-3 years was noted. This requires effective regulation to offset the negative impact of extreme poverty on children. it is substantiated that the policy of state aid to poor families with children in the Russian Federation should not be based on income poverty indicators. The influence of the depression of the Russian economy in 2014 on a sharp increase in the proportion of poor families with three or more children is shown. The special role of the experience of shame and threats to their dignity by poor children, which penetrate into all aspects of the life of poor children, negatively affects their future, is noted. The study of the role of the family, society, state, and international organizations in the elimination of child poverty in its extreme forms showed that the eradication of child poverty should be a top priority in any country.
Keywords:
child poverty, extreme poverty, family structure, support programs for poor families, human capital, children's health
References
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2. Kozlova O. A., Makarova M. N. Sokrashhenije bednosti v Rossii v kontekste realizacii nacional'nyh celej razvitija [Poverty Reduction in Russia in the Context of National Development Goals and their Achievement]. Zhurnal Ekonomicheskoj teorii [Russian Journal of Economics]. 2020. No. 17(4). P. 770-780. DOI: 10.31063/2073-6517/2020.17-4.2. (in Russ.)
3. Kubishin E. S., Sedlov A. P., Soboleva I. V. Bednost' v Rossii: metodologiya izmereniya i mezhdunarodnyje sravneniya [Poverty in Russia: Measurement Methodology and International Comparisons]. Vestnik Instituta ekonomiki Rossiiskoi akademii nauk [The Bulletin of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences]. 2021. No. 1. P. 56-70. DOI: 10.24412/2073-6487-2021¬1-56-70. (in Russ.)
4. Politika sem'i i detstva v postsotsializme. Kollektivnaja monografija. [The politics of family and childhood in post-socialism. Collective monograph] Pod red. V. Shmidt, E. Jarskoj-Smirnovoj, Zh. Chernovoj. Moscow. Variant. CSPGI. 2014. 301 p. (in Russ.)
5. Zharomsky V. S., Migranova L. A., Toksanbaeva M. S. Sotsial'no-ekonomicheskoe neravenstvo v Rossii: dinamika i metody otsenki [Socio-economic inequality in Russia: dynamics and estimation method]. Narodonaselenie [Population]. 2018. Vol. 21. No. 4. Р. 89-95. DOI: 10.26653/1561-7785¬2018-21-4-08. (in Russ.)
6. Advancing Early Childhood Development: from Science to Scale. An Executive Summary for The Lancet's Series. The Lancet. October 2016. Р. 1-8.
7. Daelmans B., Darmstadt G. L., Lombardi J., Black M. M., Britto P. R., Lye S., Dua T., Bhutta Z. A., Richter L. M. Early childhood development: the foundation of sustainable development. The Lancet. 2017. Vol. 389. Iss. 10064. P. 9-11. P. 9. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31659-2.
8. Putting Children First: New Frontiers in the Fight Against Child Poverty in Africa. Keetie Roelen, Richard Morgan and Yisak Tafere (Eds.). Stuttgart: CROP, 2019. 357 р.
9. World Bank. 2020. Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2020: Reversals of Fortune. Washington, DC: World Bank. 201 р. DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1602-4.
10. Smal S. V. Gosudarstvennaja politika zashchity detstva: regional'nyje osobennosti na primere Sotsial'nogo kodeksa Sankt-Peterburga [Regional dimension of state child protection policy: The case of the Social Code of Saint Petersburg]. Kompleksnyje issledovanija detstva [Comprehensive Child Studies]. 2021. Vol. 3. No. 1. P. 5-12. DOI: 10.33910/2687-0223-2021-3-1-5-12. (in Russ.)
11. Chunling Lutz, Maureen M. Black, IDA M Richter. Risk of poor development in young children in low-income and middle-income countries: an estimation and analysis at the global, regional, and country level. The Lancet Global Health. 2016. Vol. 4. No. 12. P. e916-e922. DOI:10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30266-2.
12. Bulanova M. A. Otsenka urovnja bednosti v Rossii: zavisimost' ot metodologii izmerenija [Poverty assessment in Russia: dependence on the measurement methodology] Vlast' i upravlenije na Vostoke Rossii [Power and Administration in the East of Russia]. 2021. No. 1 (94). P. 157-169. DOI: 10.22394/1818-4049-2021-94-1-157-169 2021. (in Russ.)
13. Zharomsky V. S. Postroenije kompleksnoj otsenki bednosti po trem profiljam bednosti [Building an integrated poverty measure by three poverty profiles]. Narodonaselenie [Population]. 2019. Vol. 22. No 1. P. 92-105. (in Russ.)
14. Sidorkina Z. I. Geodemografiya kak osnova razvitiya geografii detstva [Geodemography as a foundation for further development of the geography of childhood]. Kompleksnyje issledovanija detstva [Comprehensive Child Studies]. 2019. Vol. 1. No. 3. P. 181-188. DOI: 10.33910/2687-0223¬2019-1-3-181-188 (in Russ.)
15. Tkachenko A. A. Bednost' i naselenije Rossii: retrospektivnyi vzglyad na problemu [Poverty and population of Russia: a retrospective viewpoint of the problem]. Narodonaselenie [Population]. 2019. Vol. 22. No. 4. P. 36-50. DOI: 10.24411/1561-7785-2019-00037. (in Russ.)
16. Voronova K. A. Bednaja rossijskaja sem'ja kak osobaja sotsial'naja gruppa [poor russian family as a special social group] Vestnik Permskogo natsional'nogo issledovatel'skogo politehnicheskogo universiteta. Sotsial'no-ekonomicheskie nauki [PNRPUSociology and Economics Bulletin]. 2018. No. 3. P. 212-224. DOI: 10.15593/2224-9354/2018.3.17. (in Russ.)
17. Elizarov V. V., Sinica A. L. Faktory bednosti semej s det'mi i perspektivy jejo snizhenija [Factors of Poverty of Families with Children and Prospects of Its Reduction]. Uroven' zhizni naselenija regionov Rossii [Living Standards and Quality of Life]. 2019. Vol. 2. No. 212. P. 63-75. DOI: 10.24411/1999-9836-2019-10065. (in Russ.)
18. A New Approach to Child Poverty: Tackling the Causes of Disadvantage and Transforming Families' Lives. London, UK: The Stationery Office LTD. 2011. 79 р.
19. Michelmore K., Pilkauskas N. Tots and Teens: How Does Child's Age Influence Maternal Labor Supply and Child Care Response to the Earned Income Tax Credit? Journal of Labor Economics. 2021. Vol. 39. No. 4. Р. 895-929. DOI: 10.1086/711383.
20. Orusova O. V. Analiz bednosti naselenija v sovremennoj Rossii [Analysis of poverty in modern Russia] Vestnik Tverskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija: Ekonomika i upravlenie [Vestnik TVGU. Series: Economics and Management]. 2021. No. 1(53). P. 124-132. DOI: 10.26456/2219¬1453/2021.1.124-132. (in Russ.)
21. Tkachenko A. A. Gosudarstvennaja politika i natsional'nyj proekt «Demografija» [State policy and national project Demography]. Narodonaselenie [Population]. 2018. Vol. 21. No. 4. P. 23-35. DOI: 10.26653/1561-7785-2018-21-4-03. (in Russ.)
22. Brady D., Parolin Z. The Levels and Trends in Deep and Extreme Poverty in the United States, 1993¬2016. Demography. 2020. Volume 57. Is. 6. P. 2337-2360. DOI: 10.1007/s13524-020-00924-1.
23. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2019. 618 р. DOI: 10.17226/25246.
24. Ovcharova L. N., Birjukova S. S., Popova D. O., Vardanjan E. G. Uroven' i profil' bednosti v Rossii: ot 1990-h godov do nashih dnej [Poverty Level and Profile in Russia: from the 1990s to the Present]. Moscow: NIU VShE [HSE University]. 2014. (in Russ.)
25. Razvitije sistemy indikatorov bednosti dlja monitoringa dostizhenija tselej ustojchivogo razvitija v stranah Sodruzhestva [Development of a system of poverty indicators to monitor progress towards the Sustainable development in the Commonwealth countries]. Moscow, SNG STAT. CIS STAT. 2021. 39 р. (in Russ.)
26. Townsend P. The concept of poverty: Working papers on methods of investigation and life-styles of the poor in different countries. Portsmouth: Heinemann Educational, 1970.
27. A future for the world's children? A WHO-UNICEF-Lancet Commission. Clark, Helen et al. The Lancet. 2020. Vol. 395. Is. 10224. P. 605. 658. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32540-1.
Article
Received: 08.10.2021
Accepted: 15.03.2022
Citation Formats
Other cite formats:
APA
Tkachenko, A. A. (2022). Child poverty: phenomenon and characteristics. Population, 25(1), 43-54. https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.1.4
Section
QUALITY, STANDARDS AND CONDITIONS OF LIFE
