The impact of values of men and women on their life expectancy
Research Article
Acknowledgments
The article was prepared as part of the research work under the State assignment to the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA).
How to Cite
Shulgin S.G., Zinkina Y.V., Korotayev A.V. The impact of values of men and women on their life expectancy. Population. 2022. Vol. 25. No. 1. P. 92-104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.1.8 (in Russ.).
Abstract
The female advantage in life expectancy (LE) is found throughout the world, despite differences in living conditions. However, this advantage has diminished in recent years in countries with low mortality rates. In Russia, according to data for 2020, the difference in life expectancy at birth between women and men is 10 years (according to Rosstat) and is one of the highest in the world. The aim of our study is to find out what contribution to the gender gap in life expectancy can be made by the difference between men and women in terms of the value of health and the practice of self-caring behavior. To do this, we used data from the Sample Survey of Behavioral Factors Affecting the Health of the Population conducted by Rosstat in 2013, namely, the respondents' answers to a number of questions related to self-caring and health-preserving behavior. Using these questions, the level of the gap in the value of their own health and health-preserving behavior between Russian men and women is quantified according to the microdata of the survey using OLS regression and ordinal logit regression, where the respondent's answer to the question is used as a dependent variable, and the main independent variable is the gender of the respondent. The results showed that value attitudes to healthy lifestyle significantly affect health-preserving behavior. Correlations between the value of health and various aspects of health-preserving behavior turned out to be in the predicted direction. At the same time, at the level of the subjects of the Russian Federation, the analysis showed a high statistical significance of the following predictors of the gender gap in life expectancy: high levels of consumption of strong alcoholic beverages and tobacco smoking. The increase in the value of health among Russian men is here only of very limited importance for reducing the gender gap in life expectancy.
Keywords:
life expectancy in Russia, gender gap in life expectancy, male life expectancy, female life expectancy, value of health, self-caring behavior, health-preserving behavior
References
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4. Glei D. A., Horiuchi S. The narrowing sex differential in life expectancy in high-income populations: effects of differences in the age pattern of mortality. Population studies. 2007. Vol. 61. No. 2. P. 141-159.
5. Andreev E. M., Shkolnikov V. M., McKee M. Prodolzhitel'nost' zdorovoj zhizni [Healthy life expectancy]. Voprosy statistiki [Statistical Issues]. 2002. Vol. 11. P. 16-21. (in Russ.)
6. Shkolnikov V. M., Andreev E. M., McKee M., Leon D. A. Rost prodolzhitel'nosti zhizni v Rossii 2000-h godov [Rising life expectancy in Russia of the 2000s]. Demograficheskoje obozreniye [Demographic Review]. 2014. Vol. 1. No. 2. P. 5-37. (in Russ.)
7. Brown J. V., Panova L. V., Rusinova N. L. Gendernyje razlichija v zdorov'je [Gender differences in health]. Sotsiologicheskije issledovanija [SociologicalStudies]. 2007. Vol. 6. P. 114-122. (in Russ.)
8. Philips S. P. Risky business: Explaining the gender gap in longevity. The Journal of Men's Health & Gender. 2006. No 3. P. 43-46.
9. Marais G. A., Gaillard J. M., Vieira C., Plotton I., Sanlaville D., Gueyffier F., Lemaitre J. F. Sex gap in aging and longevity: can sex chromosomes play a role? Biology of Sex Differences. 2018. Vol. 9. No. 1. P. 33.
10. Courtenay W. H. Behavioral factors associated with disease, injury, and death among men: Evidence and implications for prevention. TheJournal of Men's Studies. 2000. Vol. 9. No. 1. P. 81-142.
11. Janssen F. Changing contribution of smoking to the sex differences in life expectancy in Europe, 1950-2014. European Journal of Epidemiology. 2020. Vol. 35. P. 835-841.
12. Wilsnack R.W., Vogeltanz N. D., Wilsnack S. C., Harris T. R. Gender differences in alcohol consumption and adverse drinking consequences: cross-cultural patterns. Addiction. 2000. Vol. 95. No. 2. P. 251-265.
13. Wilsnack R. W., Wilsnack S. C., Kristjanson A. F., Vogeltanz-Holm N. D., Gmel G. Gender and alcohol consumption: patterns from the multinational GENACIS project. Addiction. 2009. Vol. 104. No. 9. P. 1487-1500.
Article
Received: 06.10.2021
Accepted: 16.03.2022
Citation Formats
Other cite formats:
APA
Shulgin, S. G., Zinkina, Y. V., & Korotayev, A. V. (2022). The impact of values of men and women on their life expectancy. Population, 25(1), 92-104. https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.1.8
Section
DEMOGRAPHY: THEORY AND PRACTICE ISSUES
