Non-agricultural rural employment and urban-rural migration: is there a connection?
Research Article
Acknowledgments
The article was written within the framework of the research project «Development of non-agricultural rural employment concept and methods/ways to attract specialists to rural areas» carried out by the Scientific Center for the Study of Rural Area Problems at the Russian State Agrarian Correspondence University.
How to Cite
Nikulina Y.N., Arefieva V.A., Saraikin V.A. Non-agricultural rural employment and urban-rural migration: is there a connection?. Population. 2022. Vol. 25. No. 1. P. 118-128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.1.10 (in Russ.).
Abstract
The article examines the impact on rural non-agricultural employment of two trends — development of return migration to rural areas and the spread of nonstandard forms of work and jobs (distance work, platform employment, self-employment, subcontracting, etc.). In terms of rural employment development, the ongoing blurring of the concepts of "place of residence" and "place of work" creates an influx of "new" high-income urban workers in rural areas, and also significantly expands employment opportunities for the indigenous rural population. The paper hypothesizes that employment in rural areas and, more generally, the development of rural areas will be determined, among other things, by the urban-rural migration, with temporary or seasonal migration, as well as moving for long periods of time or for permanent residence. The traditional view of non-agricultural employment as employment of the indigenous rural population who have lost their jobs in agriculture leads to ignoring of these trends, lack of policies to encourage return migration to rural areas, and limited measures of state support for rural labor market. There is made a conclusion about the need to expand the concept of rural employment to «out-of-town employment», which takes into account new opportunities and forms of employment, including for city dwellers seeking to leave the city in order to improve their quality of life. Additionally, the issue is raised about the need for research on the commercial re-use of agricultural assets — mainly real estate — by non-agrarian businesses in order to facilitate the transfer of urban businesses to rural area and the diversification of the rural economy.
Keywords:
rural employment, non-agricultural employment, return migration, nonstandard forms of employment, distance work, rural development
References
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2. Pokrovsky N. E., Nikolaeva U. G., Demidova Yu. A. Fenomenologiya «zhiznennogo mira» gorozhanina vo vnegorodskom prostranstve Blizhnego Severa: dom i domestikatsiya [Phenomenology of the «lifeworld» of urbanites in the extra urban space in the Near North: house and domestication]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological Studies]. 2019. No. 12. P. 70-80. DOI: 10.31857/ S013216250007752-0. (in Russ.)
3. Wegren S. K. The quest for rural sustainability in Russia. Sustainability. 2016. Vol. 8. No. 7. P. 602.
4. Voinilov Yu. L., Mal'tseva D. V. Iz goroda v selo: potentsial pereseleniya gorozhan v sel'skuyu mestnost' [From the city to the countryside: the potential of urban to rural resettlement]. XVII Aprel'skaya mezhdunarodnaya nauchnaya konferentsiya po problemam razvitiya ehkonomiki i obshchestva. Kniga 4. [XVII April International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social Development. Book 4. Moscow. April 19-22. 2016]. Мoscow. Higher School of Economics. 2017. P. 133-145. (in Russ.)
5. Molyarenko O. A. Raspredelonnyyi obraz zhizni i kontrurbanizatsionnyye protsessy kak faktory razvitiya sel'skikh i gorodskikh poseleniy [A distributed way of life and counter-urbanization processes as development factors of rural and urban settlements]. Voprosy gosudarstvennogo i municipal'nogo upravleniya [Public Administration Issues]. 2013. No. 1. P. 48-71. (in Russ.)
6. Averkieva K. V., AntonovE. V., KirillovP. L., Makhrova A. G., MedvedevA. A., Neretin A. S., Nefedova T. G., Treivish A. I. Mezhdu domom i. domom. Vozvratnaya prostranstvennaya mobil'nost' naseleniya Rossii [Between Home and... Home. Return Spatial Mobility of the Russian Population]. Мoscow. Novyi khronograf [New Chronograph]. 2016. 504 р. (in Russ.)
7. Nikolaeva U. G., Rusanov A. V. Self-isolation at the dacha: Can't? Can? Have to? Population and Economics. 2020. No. 4(2). P. 182-198. DOI: 10.3897/popecon.4.e54577.
8. Pokrovsky N. E., Makshanchikova A. Yu., Nikishin E. A. Obratnaya migratsiya v usloviyakh pandemicheskogo krizisa: vnegorodskiye prostranstva Rossii kak resurs adaptatsii [Reverse migration in the pandemic crisis: Russia's out-of-town spaces as an adaptation resource]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological Studies]. 2020. No 12. P. 54-64. DOI: 10.31857/S013216250010726-1. (in Russ.)
9. Easterlin R. A., Angelescu L., Zweig J. S. The impact of modern economic growth on urban-rural differences in subjective well-being. World Development. 2011. Vol. 39. No. 12. Р. 2187-2198.
10. Burger M. J., Morrison P. S., Hendriks M., Hoogerbrugge M. M. Urban-rural happiness differentials across the world. World Happiness Report. 2020. Р. 66-93.
11. Zemtsov S. P. Faktory adaptatsii regionov Rossii k tsifrovoy transformatsii ehkonomiki [Factors of Russian regions' adaptation to the digital transformation of economy]. XXII Aprel'skaya mezhdunarodnaya nauchnaya konferentsiya po problemam razvitiya ehkonomiki i obshchestva [XXII April International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social Development. Moscow. April 13-23. 2021]. Мoscow. Higher School of Economics. 2021. (in Russ.)
12. Praestholm S., Kristensen S. P. Farmers as initiators and farms as attractors for non-agricultural economic activities in peri-urban areas in Denmark. Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography. 2007. Vol. 107. No 2. Р. 13-27.
13. Verhoeve A., De Roo N., Rogge E. How to visualise the invisible: Revealing re-use of rural buildings by non-agricultural entrepreneurs in the region of Roeselare-Tielt (Belgium). Land Use Policy. 2012. Vol. 29. No 2. Р. 407-416.
Article
Received: 03.12.2021
Accepted: 16.03.2022
Citation Formats
Other cite formats:
APA
Nikulina, Y. N., Arefieva, V. A., & Saraikin, V. A. (2022). Non-agricultural rural employment and urban-rural migration: is there a connection?. Population, 25(1), 118-128. https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.1.10
Section
DEMOGRAPHY: THEORY AND PRACTICE ISSUES
