Parental leave in the system of socio-economic processes: a theoretical review
Research Article
Acknowledgments
This work is supported by the Russian Science Foundation under grant № 22-28-01847. URL: https://rscf.ru/project/22-28-01847/.
How to Cite
Blednova N.D. Parental leave in the system of socio-economic processes: a theoretical review. Population. 2023. Vol. 26. No. 1. P. 70-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.1.6 (in Russ.).
Abstract
Parental leave is one of the most important components in the structure of family policy in most developed countries. In foreign practice, three types of leaves are available: maternity leave, paternity leave and parental leave. The researchers note that development of the leave policy has a favorable economic, social and demographic effect. For this reason, the issue of leaves is becoming more and more popular every year and attracts attention of a wide range of scientists. Nevertheless, in the domestic scientific literature, the phenomenon of parental leave remains practically unexplored. This article is devoted to the study of the impact of parental leave on other socioeconomic processes — employment, gender equality and fertility — and related areas of government policy. Exploring this relationship, the author notes positive impact of paternity leave and paternity quotas on the distribution of responsibilities between men and women in the professional and family spheres of life. The positive economic effects from the use of parental leave as one of the tools to protect workers in the labor market are described. These effects consist mainly in increasing the employment rate of women and reducing the wage gap between men and women. In addition, the impact of parental leave on the birth rate is considered—on the one hand, the use of paternity leave stimulates parents for subsequent childbearing, on the other hand, opportunity costs increase, which negatively affect the reproductive attitudes of mothers. The author draws a conclusion about the relationship between parental leave policy and other areas of state policy — employment policy, gender equality policy and demographic policy. In the author's opinion, the discovered relationship indicates the importance of the issue of parental leave and the need to study it in Russia.
Keywords:
parental leave, maternity leave, paternity leave, parents, employees with children
References
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23. Janta B., Stewart K. Paternity and Parental Leave Policies across the European Union. Luxembourg: European Commission. 2018. 6 р. DOI: 10.2767/51284
24. Raute A. Can financial incentives reduce the baby gap? Evidence from a reform in maternity leave benefits. Journal of Public Economics. 2019. Vol. 169. P. 203-222. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2018.07.010
2. Bergemann A., Riphahn R. T. Maternal employment effects of paid parental leave. Journal of Population Economics. 2022. DOI: 10.1007/s00148-021-00878-7
3. Strang L., Miriam B. Maternity Leave Policies: Trade-offs between Labour Market Demands and Health Benefits for Children. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation. 2016. Available at: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1734.html (Accessed 11 June 2022).
4. Koslowski A., Blum S., Dobrotic I., Kaufman G., Moss P. 17th International Review of Leave Policies and Related Research 2021. 2021. 641 p. DOI: 10.18445/20210817-144100-0.
5. Miriam R. Promoting gender equality through regulation: the case of parental leave. The Theory and Practice of Legislation. 2021. Vol. 9. No. 1. P. 35-57. DOI: 10.1080/20508840.2020.1830565
6. O'Neill M. S., Johns R. E. The history of welfare and paid maternity leave in Australia. Proceedings of the IERA 200917th Annual Conference. 2009. P. 172-196. Available at: https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/handle/10453/11435 (Accessed 11 June 2022).
7. Akgunduz Y. E., Plantenga J. Labour market effects of parental leave in Europe. Cambridge Journal of Economics. 2013. Vol. 37. No. 4. P. 45-62. DOI: 10.1093/cje/bes052
8. Wikander U., Kessler-Harris A., Lewis J. Protecting Women LaborLegislation in Europe, the United States, and Australia, 1880-1920. University of Illinois Press. 1995. DOI: 10.1080/00213624.1996.11505885
9. Cromptom R. Discussion and conclusions. Restructuring Gender Relations and Employment. The Decline of the Male Breadwinner. Oxford and NY: Oxford University Press. 1999. P. 200-214.
10. Tamm M. Fathers' parental leave-taking, childcare involvement and labor market participation. Labour Economics. 2019. Vol. 59. P. 184-197. DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2019.04.007
11. Reimer T., Erler D., Blum S. Germany country note. International Review of Leave Policies and Research. 2017. P. 173-184.
12. Boll C., Leppin J., Reich N. Paternal childcare and parental leave policies: Evidence from industrialized countries. Review of Economics of the Household. 2014. Vol. 12. P. 129-158. DOI: 10.1007/s11150-013-9211-z
13. Cools S., Fiva J. H., Kirkeboen L. J. Causal effects of paternity leave on children and parents. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics. 2015. Vol. 117. No. 3. P. 801-828. DOI: 10.1111/sjoe.12113
14. Duvander A. Z., Johansson M. Parental leave use for different fathers: A study of the impact of three Swedish parental leave reforms. Fatherhood in the Nordic Welfare States: Comparing Care Policies and Practice. 2014. P. 349-369. DOI: 10.1332/policypress/9781447310471.003.0016
15. Arnalds A. A., Eydal G. B., Gislason I. V. Equal rights to paid parental leave and caring fathers-the case of Iceland. Stjdrnmdl ogstjornsysla. 2013. Vol. 9. No. 2. P. 323. DOI: 10.13177/irpa.a.2013.9.2.4
16. Brandth B., Kvande E. Masculinity and fathering alone during parental leave. Men and Masculinities. 2018. Vol. 21. No. 1. P. 72-90. DOI: 10.1177/1097184X16652659
17. Rozhdestvenskaya E. Y. Vovlechonnoye ottsovstvo. zabotlivaya maskulinnost [Involved fatherhood, caring m masculinity]. Monitoring obshchestvennogo mneniya: ekonomicheskiye i sotsialnyye peremeny [Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes]. 2020. No. 5. P. 155-185. DOI: 10.14515/monitoring.2020.5.1676. (in Russ.)
18. Rimashevskaya N. M., Malysheva M. M. Pisklakova-Parker M. P., Morozova T. V., Limanskaya V. O. Ottsovstvo v Rossii segodnya [Fatherhood in Russia Today]. 2016. Moscow. ISEPN RAN [Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population RAS]. 120 р. (in Russ.)
19. Valentova M. The impact of parental leave policy on the intensity of labour-market participation of mothers: Do the number of children and pre-birth work engagement matter? Journal of European Social Policy. 2018. Vol. 29. No. 3. DOI: 10.1177/0958928718776826
20. Kluve J., Schmitz S. Back to work: Parental benefits and mothers' labor market outcomes in the medium run. Industrial and Labor Relations Review. 2018. Vol. 71. No. 1. P. 143-173. DOI: 10.1177/0019793917710933
21. Ruhm C. J. The economic consequences of parental leave mandates: Lessons from Europe. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1998. Vol. 113. No. 1. P. 285-317. DOI: 10.1162/003355398555586
22. Bagirova A. P., Blednova N. D. Sovmeshcheniye professional'nogo i roditel'skogo truda v otsenkah ural'skih zhenshchin: ob"ektivnyye i sub"ektivnyye bar'yery [Combination of professional and parental labor in assessments of Ural women: Objective and subjective barriers]. Zhenshchina v rossijskom obshchestve [Woman in Russian Society]. 2021. No. 0. P. 150-167. DOI: 10.21064/WinRS.2021.0.10 (in Russ.)
23. Janta B., Stewart K. Paternity and Parental Leave Policies across the European Union. Luxembourg: European Commission. 2018. 6 р. DOI: 10.2767/51284
24. Raute A. Can financial incentives reduce the baby gap? Evidence from a reform in maternity leave benefits. Journal of Public Economics. 2019. Vol. 169. P. 203-222. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2018.07.010
Article
Received: 29.09.2022
Accepted: 16.03.2023
Citation Formats
Other cite formats:
APA
Blednova, N. D. (2023). Parental leave in the system of socio-economic processes: a theoretical review. Population, 26(1), 70-82. https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.1.6
Section
DEMOGRAPHY: THEORY AND PRACTICE ISSUES
