Upgrading water supply and wastewater collection systems in rural areas as a way to improve quality of life of the population of Russia
Research Article
How to Cite
Schneiderman I.M., Pilipenko I.V. Upgrading water supply and wastewater collection systems in rural areas as a way to improve quality of life of the population of Russia. Population. 2023. Vol. 26. No. 1. P. 147-159. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.1.12 (in Russ.).
Abstract
This article pinpoints the problem of no modern water supply and sewage systems in homes of ca. 22-24 million people in the Russian Federation residing in the countryside nowadays. As a statistical database, the authors use the results of the Rosstat surveys entitled "The Comprehensive monitoring of the living conditions of the population" that were conducted in 2011 and 2020. We analyze the data on cold and hot water supply systems, sewage systems and toilets in homes of households across the country in general, in rural areas and in individual houses (the private sector). The article reveals that there are no modern types of sewage systems in homes of almost two-thirds of households, whereas modern toilet is not installed in one-third, hot water supply — in 26 per cent, and cold water supply system — in homes of 11 per cent of households in rural areas. When considering individual houses in rural settlements the situation is even worse, and the numbers reach 81 per cent, 42 per cent, 30 per cent and 13 per cent respectively. Six groups of regions of the Russian Federation are distinguished by the share of households that do not have access to any water supply system in their homes. Subsequently, we define four reasons why rural areas have been consistently lagging behind cities and towns in terms of infrastructural development, including the decline of local Soviet-era agricultural enterprises (kolkhozes and sovkhozes) in the beginning of the 1990s and the development of rural territories as a generally low priority topic for the Federal executive bodies. The other two reasons are the virtual disconnection of rural territories from the state policies in the area of housing construction and utilities and the insufficient compatibility of the current model of providing state and municipal services to the population living mostly in individual houses on private land under the conditions of shortage of financial resources. In conclusion, we propose a set of measures aimed at boosting resolution of the ongoing problems with universal access to modern water supply and sewage systems in rural areas of the Russian Federation.
Keywords:
water supply, water pipeline, wastewater collection, sewage system, rural area, rural settlement, quality of life, individual house, Russian Federation
References
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2. Pilipenko I. V. Dinamika zhilishchnogo stroitel'stva v respublikakh SSSR v 1920-1980-e gg. [The dynamics of the housing construction in the republics of the USSR in the 1920s-1980s]. Istoriko-ekonomicheskiye issledovaniya [Journal of Economic History & History of Economics]. 2021. No. 4. Vol. 22. P. 567-595. DOI: 10.17150/2308-2488.2021.22(4).567-595 (in Russ.)
3. Shutkov A. A., Yarlykapov A. B., Shutkov S. A. Strukturnyye preobrazovaniya v agrarnom sektore ekonomiki: etapy, rezul'taty, problemy [Structural transformation in the agricultural sector of the economy: stages, results and problems]. Ekonomika i upravleniye: problemy: resheniya [Economics and Management: Problems, Solutions]. 2017. No. 8. Vol. 1. P. 26-33. (in Russ.)
4. Lokosov V. V. Sotsiologiya radikal'nykh izmeneniy: transformatsiya rossiyskogo obshchestva v 1987-2020 godakh [Sociology of Radical changes: Transformation of the Russian Society in 1987-2020]. Moscow. FNISTs RAN [Federal Center of Theoretical and Practical Sociology RAS]. 2022. 552 p. (in Russ.)
5. Schneiderman I. M., Guzanova A. K. Problema obezlyudivaniya sel'skikh territoriy [The problem of depopulation of rural areas]. Sberezheniye naseleniya Rossii: zdorov'ye, zanyatost', uroven' i kachestvo zhizni [Saving Russia's Population: Health, Employment, Standard and Quality of Life]. Proceedings of the IV Rimashevskaya Readings. Ed. by V. V. Lokosov, V. G. Dobrokhleb, M. V. Belikova. Moscow. FNISTs RAN [Federal Center of Theoretical and Practical Sociology RAS]. 2021. P. 43-46. (in Russ.)
6. Drovovozova T. I. Nauchnyye osnovy povysheniya kachestva vody i ekologicheskoy bezopasnosti sistem vodosnabzheniya sel'skikh poseleniy [Scientific Foundations of Improving the Quality of Water and Ecological safety of water Supply systems in Rural Settlements]. Diss. for Doctor of Technical Sciences. Saint-Petersburg. 2009. 322 p. (in Russ.)
7. Kulakova E. S. Tekhnologicheskiye osnovy ekologizatsii i ratsionalizatsii sistem vodosnabzheniya malykh sel'skikh poseleniy [Technological Foundations of Ecologisation and Rationalisation of Water Supply Systems in Small Rural Settlements]. Diss. for Candidate of Technical Sciences. Novocherkassk. 2010. 192 p. (in Russ.)
8. Abramov N. N. Vodosnabzheniye [Water Supply]. 2nd edition, revised and expanded. Moscow. Stroyizdat. 1974. 480 p. (in Russ.)
9. Konyushkov A. M., Yakovlev S. V. Vodosnabzheniye i kanalizatsiya [Water Supply and Sewage System]. 2nd edition, revised. Moscow. Gosstroyizdat. 1960. 535 p. (in Russ.)
10. Pilipenko I. V. Vliyaniye Evraziyskoy integratsii na institutsional'nuyu strukturu ekonomiki Rossii [The impact of Eurasian integration on the institutional structure of the economy of Russia]. Ekonomika i upravleniye: problemy: resheniya [Economics and Management: Problems, Solutions]. 2019. No. 2. Vol. 11 (86). P. 3-45.
11. Kondratyeva T. L., Popova V. V. Sokhraneniye fonda vodyanykh skvazhin kak odin iz sposobov kachestvennogo vodosnabzheniya sel'skikh naselennykh punktov i sel'skokhozyaystvennykh predpriyatiy [Water well fund preservation as one of the ways of qualitative water supply of rural communities and agricultural enterprises]. Nauchnyy zhurnal Rossiyskogo NII problem melioratsii [Scientific Journal of Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems]. 2020. No. 3 (39). P. 207-223.
Article
Received: 05.11.2022
Accepted: 20.03.2023
Citation Formats
Other cite formats:
APA
Schneiderman, I. M., & Pilipenko, I. V. (2023). Upgrading water supply and wastewater collection systems in rural areas as a way to improve quality of life of the population of Russia. Population, 26(1), 147-159. https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.1.12
Section
LABOR POTENTIAL AND LIVING CONDITIONS OF POPULATION
