Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on marriage and divorce in Russia
Research Article
How to Cite
Sivoplyasova S.Y. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on marriage and divorce in Russia. Population. 2023. Vol. 26. No. 2. P. 18-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.2.2 (in Russ.).
Abstract
The pandemic of a new coronavirus infection has had a significant impact on demographic processes in Russia, in particular, on the dynamics of marriage and divorce. In 2020 the indicators reached the lowest values since the beginning of the 21st century. Meanwhile, quarantines and “lockdowns” affected marriage more strongly than divorce. Analysis of monthly crude marriage and divorce rates showed that after the “acute phases” of restrictions, when there was a sharp decline in indicators, in the periods of reduction of the quarantine measures, a “compensatory effect” was observed: both the number of registered marriages and divorces increased. However, in the case of divorces, the “compensatory” effect appeared immediately after the lifting of restrictions and persisted throughout the pandemic. In the case of marriages, “restraint” in matrimonial behaviour was observed for almost a year, and the “effect of delayed marriages” manifested itself only in 2021. At the same time, the different rate of dynamics of marriage and divorce led to the fact that the ratio of marriages and divorces in the country exceeded a record 100:70, respectively. There is a regional differentiation in marriage and divorce rates. The study showed that the matrimonial behaviour of the population in different subjects became more similar during the acute phase of the pandemic (in 2020), and differences increased in marriage rates during the period with milder restrictions (in 2021), while they decreased even more in divorce rates. There were RF subjects in which the number of divorces not only equalled the number of marriages (for example, in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug in 2020), but also exceeded it during the pandemic period (in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, the Karachay-Cherkess Republic and the Republic of Ingushetia in 2021). This situation causes particular concern, as it affects the marriage structure of population and, as a result, may affect the dynamics of reproduction. Thus, unfavourable external factors can have a strong impact on marriage and divorce, thereby creating risks for the demographic development of the country. Conversely, a stable socio-economic, political and epidemiological situation will allow demographic processes to develop in a positive way and become the basis for achieving the goals of the socio-demographic policy of the State.
Keywords:
marriages, divorces, crude marriage rate, crude divorce rate, COVID-19 pandemic, Russian regions
References
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3. Zlotnikov A. G. Smertnost’ v Belarusi v period pandemii COVID-19 [Mortality in Belarus during the COVID-19 pandemic]. DEMIS. Demograficheskiye issledovaniya [DEMIS. Demographic Research]. 2021. Vol. 1. No. 2. P. 28–46. DOI: 10.19181/demis.2021.1.2.2 (in Russ.)
4. Druzhinin P. V., Molchanova E V., Podlevskikh Yu. L. Vliyaniye pandemii COVID-19 na smertnost’ naseleniya rossijskih regionov [COVID-19 pandemic effects on mortality rates in Russian regions]. Trudy Karel’skogo nauchnogo tsentra RAN [Transactions of the Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences]. 2021. No. 7. P. 116–128. DOI: 10.17076/them1421 (in Russ.)
5. Arkhangelsky V. N., Zaiko E. S. Rozhdaemost’ i formirovaniye semej v Moskovskoj aglomeratsii v period pandemii COVID-19 [Fertility and family formation in the Moscow agglomeration during the COVID-19 pandemic]. Zdorov’ye megapolisa [City Healthcare] 2022. Vol. 3. No. 3. P. 6–16. DOI: 10.47619/2713–2617.ZM.2022.in.3i3;6–16 (in Russ.)
6. Sigareva E. P., Sivoplyasova S. Yu., Arkhangelsky V. N. Rozhdaemost’ v period pandemii COVID-19: ozhidaniya i dejstvitel’nost’ [Fertility in the COVID-19 pandemic: expectations and reality]. Vestnik Yuzhno-Rossijskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta. Seriya: Sotsial’no-ekonomicheskiye nauki [Bulletin of the South Russian State Technical University (NPI). Series: SocioEconomic Sciences]. 2022. Vol. 15. No. 4. P. 204–218. DOI: 10.17213/2075–2067–2022–4–204–218 (in Russ.)
7. Sigareva E. P. Sivoplyasova S. Yu., Pletneva Yu. E. Riskidemograficheskogorazvitiya Rossiivusloviyah pandemii COVID-19 i predvaritel’nyye rezul’taty [Risks to demographic development of Russia in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic and preliminary results]. Pandemiya COVID-19: Vyzovy, posledstviya, protivodejstviye [COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges, Consequences, Counteraction]. Ed. by A. V. Torkunov, S. V. Ryazantsev, V. K. Levashov. Moscow. Izdatel’stvo «Aspekt Press» [Publishing house “Aspect Press”]. 2021. 248. p. DOI:10.19181/monograph.978–5–7567–1139–4.2021 (in Russ.)
8. Shabanova N. A., Sinkova I. G. Vliyanije pandemii COVID-19 na intensivnost’ demograficheskih sobytij: brachnost’ i razvodimost’ [The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the intensity of demographic events: marriage and divorce]. Vestnik Vostochno-Sibirskoj otkrytoj akademii [Bulletin of the East Siberian Open Academy]. 2021. No. 41. P. 1–7. (in Russ.)
9. Sinelnikov A. B. Vliyanije brachnosti na rozhdaemost’ i demograficheskaya politika v Rossii [The impact of marriage on fertility and the demographic policy in Russia]. Sem’ya i sotsial’no-demograficheskie issledovaniya [Family and Socio-Demographic Research]. 2015. No. 4. P. 1–17. (in Russ.)
10. Tolts M. S. Razvody i sovremennyj uroven’ razvodimosti [Divorces and the present divorce rate]. Problemy vosproizvodstva i zanyatosti naseleniya [Issues of the Population Reproduction and Employment]. Moscow, Institut sotsiologicheskih issledovanij [Institute of Sociological Research], 1984. P. 18–30. (in Russ.)
11. Tolts M. S. O vliyanii brachnogo statusa na rozhdaemost’ [The impact of marital status on fertility]. Demoscope Weekly. Available at: http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2020/0871/nauka03.php (Accessed: 15 November 2022). (in Russ.)
12. Manning W. D., Payne K. K. Marriages and divorces are declining during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study of five states. Socius. 2021. No. 7. DOI: 10.1177/23780231211006976
Article
Received: 05.12.2022
Accepted: 14.06.2023
Citation Formats
Other cite formats:
APA
Sivoplyasova, S. Y. (2023). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on marriage and divorce in Russia. Population, 26(2), 18-29. https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.2.2
Section
DEMOGRAPHY: THEORY AND PRACTICE ISSUES
