Russian migrants in Mongolia: historical and sociological aspect
Research Article
How to Cite
Bredikhin A.V. Russian migrants in Mongolia: historical and sociological aspect. Population. 2024. Vol. 27. No. 1. P. 153-165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24412/1561-7785-2024-1-153-165 (in Russ.).
Abstract
Migration processes are associated with the trends of globalization. Their strengthening is due to a number of characteristics connected with various historical and sociological factors, trends and epochs. The system of interstate relations between the Russian Federation and Mongolia has its own peculiarities of the migration process associated with various events of the 20th and 21st centuries, such as the Civil War of 1917–1922, economic cooperation within the framework of the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance, Special Military Operation of the Russian Federation in Ukraine. The Civil War in Russia moved to the territory of Mongolia, where the «white» movement was able to establish its power for a while, and later representatives of emigration went there both for permanent residence and for further departure to other countries. The unrecognized status of the «sixteenth» Union Republic in the years of the USSR contributed to the influx of Soviet specialists, the formation of a corresponding migration wave. The third stage under consideration, the period of the Special Military Operation 2023–2022, actualized the issue of the arrival of Russian relocants to Mongolia, a significant number of whom stay to work remotely in the Russian Federation. In the study the author aims to show the main stages of migration of Russians to the territory of Mongolia. Using the method of historicism he identifies the causes and results of the migration waves, provides statistical data. In the results, the author comes to the conclusion that the migration processes are based on the common cultural and civilizational code, the historical proximity of Russia and Mongolia, the need to develop cooperation within various supranational integration associations, including the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Eurasian Economic Union.
Keywords:
migrants, Russia, Mongolia, Cossacks, Soviet specialists
References
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2. Natsagdorzh B. Prichiny migratsii buryat v Mongoliyu (na primere atsinskikh tsongol-buryat) [The purpose of Buryat migration in Mongolia: an example of Atsink’s tsongol-buryats]. Vestnik Buryatskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Gumanitarnyye issledovaniya Vnutrenney Azii [BSU Bulletin. Humanities Research of Inner Asia]. 2013. No. 1. P. 61–75. (in Russ.)
3. Imideeva I. V., Boldbaatar N., Mecdved V. A. Trudovaya migratsiya v Mongolii v period pandemii COVID-19 [Labor migration in Monglia during the COVID-19 pandemic]. Nauchnoye obozreniye. Seriya 1: ekonomika i pravo [Scientific Review. Series 1. Economics and Law]. 2020. No. 3. P. 122–133. DOI: 10.26653/2076–4650–2020–3–11. (in Russ.)
4. Aktamov I. G., Vinokurova A. V., Grigoreva Yu. G. Migratsionnyye protsessy v usloviyakh pandemii: keys Mongolii [Migration processes in the context of the COVID19 pandemic: the case of Mongolia]. Vestnik Instituta sotsiologii [Bulletin of the Institute of Sociology]. 2022. No. 3. P. 70–86. DOI: 10.19181/vis.2022.13.3.831. (in Russ.)
5. Mikhalev A. V. Iz Sibiri v Mongoliyu, ili Russkije kak men’shinstvo v usloviyah sotsialisticheskoj modernizatsii. [From Siberia to Mongolkia, or the Russians as a minority under socialist modernization]. Izvestiya Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya Politologiya. Regionovedenije. [Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Political Science and Regional Studies]. 2012. No. 1(8). P. 117–127. (in Russ.)
6. Semyonov G. M. O sebe: Vospominaniya, mysli i vyvody. [About Me: Memories, Thoughts and Conclusions]. Moscow. 2002. 380 p. (in Russ.)
7. Filimonov B. B. Konets Belogo primor’ya. Poslednie boi na Dal’nem Vostoke. [The End of the White Primorye. The Last Battles in the Far East]. Comp. S. V. Volkov. Moscow. 2005. 813 p. (in Russ.)
8. Tarasov M. G., Dudnikova A. V. Formirovanije Enisejskoj kazach’ej emigratsii v Kitae. [Formation of the Yenisei Cossack emigration in China]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. [Tomsk State University Journal]. 2014. No. 379. P. 145–149. (in Russ.)
9. Borisov B. A. Dal’nij Vostok. [The Far East]. Vienna. 1921. 62 p. (in Russ.)
10. Yuzefovich L. Samoderzhets pustyni (Fenomen sud’by barona R. F. Ungern-Shternberga). [The Autocrat of the Desert (The Phenomenon of the Fate of Baron R. F. Ungern-Sternberg)]. Moscow. 1993. 271 p. (in Russ.)
11. Tsvetkov V. Zz. R. F. Ungern i popytki organizatsii tsentra antibol’shevistskogo soprotivleniya v Mongolii (1918–1921 gody). [Roman F. Ungern and the attempts to organize the center of anti-Bolshevik resistance in Mongolia (1918–1921)]. Novyj istoricheskij vestnik. [The New Historical Bulletin]. 2015. No. 4(46). P. 102–128. (in Russ.)
12. Dembrel K. Vliyanie mezhdunarodnoj sredy na razvitije Mongolii: sravnitel’nyj analiz v istoricheskom kontekste. [Impact of the International Environment on the Development of Mongolia: A Comparative Analysis in the Historic Context of the 21st Century]. Irkutsk. 2002. 121 p. (in Russ.)
13. Shinkarev L. I. Tsedenbal i Filatova: Lyubov’. Vlast’. Tragediya. [Tsedenbal and Filatova: Love. Power. Tragedy]. Moscow-Irkutsk. 2004. 526 p. (in Russ.)
14. Lishtovanny E. I. Ot velikoj imperii k demokratii: ocherki politicheskoj istorii Mongolii. [From the Great Empire to Democracy: Essays on the Political History of Mongolia]. Irkutsk. 2007. 195 p. (in Russ.)
15. Evstratov A. G. Relokatsiya rossiyan v Armeniyu v svete spetsoperatsii RF na Ukraine. [Relocation of Russians to Armenia in the light of the special operation of the Russian Federation in Ukraine]. Arkhont. [Arkhont]. 2022. No. 3(30). P. 85–90. (in Russ.)
16. Bredikhin A. V. Perspektivy razvitiya Shanhajskoj Organizacii Sotrudnichestva. [Prospects for the development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization]. Sovremennaya Aziya: politika, ekonomika, obshchestvo. [Modern Asia: Politics, Economics, Society]. 2023. No. 1. P. 11–16. (in Russ.)
17. Bredikhin A. V. Kul’turnoje sotrudnichestvo na puti integratsii Mongolii v ShOS. [Cultural cooperation on the way of Mongolia’s integration into the SCO]. Voprosy natsional’nyh i federativnyh otnoshenij. [Issues of National and Federative Relations]. 2023. Vol. 13. No. 6(101). (in Russ.)
18. Garmaev Yu. P., Popova E. I., Gulina E. V. Problemy pravovogo prosveshcheniya grazhdan Mongolii na territorii Rossijskoj Federatsii v oblasti bezopasnosti dorozhnogo dvizheniya. [Problems of legal education of citizens of Mongolia in the territory of the Russian Federation in the field of road safety]. Uchenyje zapiski Krymskogo federal’nogo universiteta imeni V. I. Vernadskogo. [Scientific Notes of the V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University]. 2018. No. 4. P. 284–290. (in Russ.)
19. Galijmaa N. Internal migration of Mongols to Ulaanbaatar and the Problem with the City. Mir Bol’shogo Altaya. [World of the Great Altai]. 2017. Vol. 3. No. 1. P. 43–51.
Article
Received: 12.07.2023
Accepted: 28.03.2024
Citation Formats
Other cite formats:
APA
Bredikhin, A. V. (2024). Russian migrants in Mongolia: historical and sociological aspect. Population, 27(1), 153-165. https://doi.org/10.24412/1561-7785-2024-1-153-165
Section
DEMOGRAPHY: THEORY AND PRACTICE ISSUES
