Evolution of the formation of patriotic attitudes among citizens of the Russian Federation: comparative analysis of political strategies of 2001–2005 and 2021–2026

Objective of the study is to identify changes in the approaches of the state to the formation of patriotic attitudes, to identify key areas and tools for the implementation of political will in this area and to identify public reaction to the programs being implemented. The methodological basis of the research. The study used methods of historical and philosophical analysis and hermeneutics, which allow identifying changes in identity and public consciousness through the study of political statements, programs and social initiatives. The content analysis method was also used, which helped analyze media and educational materials that form patriotic attitudes and identify their dynamics within the specified time period. Results of the study. It is established that the formation of patriotic attitudes in Russia in the period 2001-2005 was based on the restoration of national unity through education and culture, contributing to the strengthening of national identity. In the period 2021-2026, the strategy underwent changes, adapting to modern challenges, which included digital media campaigns and youth programs. These efforts maintained a high level of patriotism, but the results also revealed a variety of perceptions of patriotism among different social groups. Prospects of the study. The study of patriotic attitudes in Russia opens up opportunities for analyzing the impact of digital media and youth programs on the formation of national identity. An important area is the detailed study of how modern technologies contribute to the development of inclusive patriotism reflecting the cultural diversity of the country. It also requires an assessment of the long-term consequences of these changes for the consolidation of society and the development of effective recommendations on modern approaches to patriotic education.