Experience of definition and typology of “fake news”
Research Article
How to Cite
Atanesyan A.V. Experience of definition and typology of “fake news”. Humanities of the South of Russia. 2022. Vol. 11. No. 5. P. 55-67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18522/2227-8656.2022.5.4 (in Russ.).
Abstract
Objective of the study is the definition and typologization of “fake news”, based on the structural and content features of news and nearnews streams, as well as the current experience of classifying “fakes” in a few modern publications of Western and domestic authors.
The methodological basis of the research includes a structural approach to news content, as well as a critical approach to definitions of “fake news” based on existing experience.
Research results. “Fake news” is typologized according to the form of presentation, and the features of the content, as well as the factors of their dissemination in the media and social media are considered. Despite widespread attempts to narrow down the content of the concept of “fake news” and exclude from it a number of categories that are not directly related to news, as well as to present their creation and distribution as a product mainly of social media, a more realistic approach is proposed, based primarily on the politicization of traditional media and assuming their engagement. Accordingly, it is proposed to expand the scope
of identifying “fake news” with the inclusion in their typologization of various forms of propaganda, political advertising, in some cases, political humor and other forms of nearnews information presented and perceived by the audience as news stories.
Prospects of the study. The study of “fake news” is promising from the point of view of the effectiveness of information flow management, information security of society, as well as the further development of relevant theoretical and applied areas in the sociology of communications, political sociology and journalism.
Keywords:
“fake news”, communication, mass media, social media, propaganda, media framing
References
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14. Palczewski M. (2009) The term news - its concept and definition in Anglo-Saxon tradition. A review and classification attempt // Studia Medioznawcze. - №3 (38). - Pp. 50-65.
15. Simons G. (2021) The what, how and why of fakenews: An overview. World of Media / G. Simons, A. Manoilo // Journal of Russian Media and Journalism Studies. - №2. - Pp. 3554. - DOI: 10.30547/worldofmedia.2.2021.2
16. Tandoc Jr. E. C. (2018) Defining «Fake News» / E. C. Tandoc Jr., Lim Zh Wei, R. Ling // Digital Journalism. - № 6(2). - Pp. 137-153.- DOI: 10.1080/21670811.2017.1360143.
2. Lippman U. (2004) Public opinion. - M. : Institute of the Foundation «Societies. opinion». (PPP Type. Science). - 382 p. - ISBN 5-93947016-5.
3. Manoilo A. V. (2020) Foreign scientific approaches to the study of «fake news» in world politics / A. V. Manoilo, A. E. Popadyuk // Russia and the Modern world. - № 2(107). - Pp. 285-300. - DOI 10.31249/rsm/2020.02.17.
4. Zholud R. V. (2019) Fake news in the PostTruth Era: functional aspects // Bulletin of the Voronezh State University. Series: Philology. Journalism. - No. 3. - Pp. 101-104.
5. Atanesyan A. (2020) Media Framing on Armed Conflicts: Limits of Peace Journalism on the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict // Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding. - № 14(4). - Pp. 534-550. - DOI: 10.1080/17502977.2020.1780018.
6. Qelik H. (2012) The Myth of Objectivity in the News and Internet Journalism in Turkey // International of Journal Turcologia. - № VII. - Pp. 113-130.
7. Damstra A. (2021) What Does Fake Look Like? A Review of the Literature on Intentional Deception in the News and on Social Media / A. Damstra, H. G. Boomgaarden, E. Broda, E. Lindgren et al. // Journalism Studies. - № 22(14). - Pp. 1947-1963. - DOI: 10.1080/1461670X.2021.1979423/.
8. Egelhofer J. L. (2019) Fake news as a twodimensional phenomenon: a framework and research agenda / J. L. Egelhofer, S. Lecheler // Annals of the International Communication Association. - DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2019.1602782.
9. Entman R. M. (2003) Cascading Activation: Contesting the White House’s Frame After 9/11 // Political Communication. - № 20. - Pp. 415-432.
10. Guess A. (2020) Misinformation, Disinformation, and Online Propaganda / A. Guess, B. Lyons // N. Persily & J. Tucker (Eds.) Social Media and Democracy: The State of the Field, Prospects for Reform (SSRC Anxieties of Democracy). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. - Pp. 10-33.
11. Jowett G. S. (2012) Propaganda and Persuasion (5th ed.). / G.S. Jowett, V. O’Donnell. London: Sage - 422 p.
12. Molina M. D. (2021) «Fake News» Is Not Simply False Information: A Concept Explication and Taxonomy of Online Content / M. D. Molina, S. S. Sundar, T. Le, D. Lee // American Behavioral Scientist. - № 65(2). - Pp. 180212.-DOI: 10.1177/0002764219878224.
13. Marin-Sanchiz C. R. (2021) Survival Strategies in Freelance Journalism: An Empowering Toolkit to Improve Professionals’ Working Conditions / C. R. Marin-Sanchiz, M. Carvajal, J. L. Gonzalez-Esteban // Journalism Practice. - №1-24. - DOI: 10.1080/17512786.2021.1929414.
14. Palczewski M. (2009) The term news - its concept and definition in Anglo-Saxon tradition. A review and classification attempt // Studia Medioznawcze. - №3 (38). - Pp. 50-65.
15. Simons G. (2021) The what, how and why of fakenews: An overview. World of Media / G. Simons, A. Manoilo // Journal of Russian Media and Journalism Studies. - №2. - Pp. 3554. - DOI: 10.30547/worldofmedia.2.2021.2
16. Tandoc Jr. E. C. (2018) Defining «Fake News» / E. C. Tandoc Jr., Lim Zh Wei, R. Ling // Digital Journalism. - № 6(2). - Pp. 137-153.- DOI: 10.1080/21670811.2017.1360143.
Article
Received: 26.09.2022
Accepted: 01.12.2022
Citation Formats
Other cite formats:
APA
Atanesyan, A. V. (2022). Experience of definition and typology of “fake news”. Humanities of the South of Russia, 11(5), 55-67. https://doi.org/10.18522/2227-8656.2022.5.4
Section
SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN MODERN SOCIETY
