Traditional and modern dictatorship:the case of fascism (introduction to the problem)
Research Article
How to Cite
Makarenko V.P. Traditional and modern dictatorship:the case of fascism (introduction to the problem). Humanities of the South of Russia. 2023. Vol. 12. No. 5. P. 26-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18522/2227-8656.2023.5.2 (in Russ.).
Abstract
Objective of the study is to describe the panorama of the analysis of Italian fascism and German Nazism of 1920-1945 by systematizing the main problems of literature published in the 1960s and 1970s in European countries, but still little known in the scientific community of Russia.
The methodological basis of the research is formed by the author's works devoted to the study of the main ideologies of modernity (especially traditionalism and conservatism) and the creation of political conceptology – a new direction of socio-political research.
Research results. The results and their discussion consist in the constitution of a special thematic and problem field. It includes: formulation of initial questions; country and power typologies of fascism; Soviet tradition of research; criticism of Stalinism; state and terror; influence of revolutions on the genesis of fascism; general properties of fascist dictatorships; specifics of fascist mentality; correlation of biographical and institutional trends of the genesis of fascism, etc.
Prospects of the study are determined by the fact that new dictatorships require detailed analysis and the development of universal knowledge, not only because of the existence of neo-fascist movements that form the marginality of European political life. They need to be known primarily because fascisms and Nazisms of 1919-1945 are part of the genealogy of modernity. In addition, the classic fascism of Mussolini and Hitler form a secret ideal for imitation by far from one of the current statesmen who officially dissociate themselves from the new dictatorships.
Keywords:
traditional and modern dictatorships, fascism, its typologies and research problems
References
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33. Weber E. Revolution? Counterrevolution? What Revolution? In: Laqueur W. (red.). Fascism. A Reader’s Guide. London; 1976. 500 p.
2. Galkin A. A. German fascism. Ed. by B. I. Koval; USSR Academy of Sciences. 2nd ed., supplement and revision. Moscow: Nauka; 1989. 350 p. ISBN 5-02-008986-9. (In Russ.).
3. Gramsci A. Selected works: In 3 volumes: Trans. from Italian. Moscow: Izd-vo inostr. lit. = Moscow: Publishing House of Foreign Lit., 1957-1959. 3 vol. (In Russ.).
4. Gramsci A. Selected works. Translated from Italian. M.: Politizdat, 1980. 424 p. (In Russ.).
5. Dimitrov G. The Offensive of fascism and the Tasks of the Communist International in the Struggle for the Unity of the working class against fascism: A Report at the VII World Congress of Communists. Internationale 2 Aug. 1935. Political report of the Central Committee of the BRP(k) to the V Party Congress. December 19, 1948 Moscow: Gospolitizdat; 1958. 224 p. (In Russ.).
6. Comintern against Fascism: Documents / RAS. In-t is universal. stories, Feder. archive. service of Russia. Russian Center for the storage and study of doc. modern history; Comp., auth. introductory article and commentary by V. V. Damier et al. – Moscow: Nauka; 1999. 505 p. ISBN 5-02-009478-1. (In Russ.).
7. Kravchenko I. I. Dictatorship. New philosophical encyclopedia. M.: Mysl' = M.: Thought, 2010. 2nd ed., corr. and add. (In Russ.).
8. Lenin V. I. Five years of the Russian Revolution and prospects of the World Revolution. Report at the IV Congress of the Comintern on November 13; Speech at the plenum of the Moscow Council on November 20, 1922. Minsk: Belarus; 1982. 30 p. (In Russ.).
9. Lopukhov B. R. Fascism and the labor movement in Italy. 1919-1929. USSR Academy of Sciences. In-t history. Moscow: Nauka; 1968. 415 p. (In Russ.).
10. Nolte E. Fascism in its era. Translated from German. Foreword by L. Gunzberg. Novosibirsk: Siberian Chronograph; 2001. 568 p. (In Russ.).
11. Reich V. Psychology of the Masses and fascism: [Transl. from German]. St. Petersburg: Univ. kn.; Moscow: AST; 1997. 379 p. ISBN 5-7914-0002-0. (In Russ.).
12. Abendroth W. Theorien uber die sozialen Ursprunge und die Funktionen des Faschismus. Frankfurt/M, 1967. 185 p.
13. Allardyce G. The Place of Fascizm in European History. Englewood Cliffs. N.Y. 1971. 178 p.
14. Amendola G. Intervista sull’antifascismo. Ed. P. Melograni. Bari, 1976. 221 p.
15. Bauer O. Der Faschismus; Abendrot W. (ed.). Faschismus und Kapitalismus. Frankfurt/M; 1972. 185 p.
16. Bracher K. Die Deutsche Diktatur. Entstellung, Struktur und Folgen des Nationalsozialismus. Koln-Berlin; 1969. 571 p.
17. Bracher K. Probleme und Perspektive der Hitler Interpretation. Zeitgeschichtliche Kontroversen. Um Faschismus, Totalitarismus und Demokratie. Munchen; 1976. 158 p.
18. Degras J. The Communist International (1919-1943). Documents. – London-New York; 1956-1965. B.13. 494 p.
19. Felice R. Interpretacje faszyzmu. Warszawa; 1976. 277 p.
20. Graml H. Problem einer Hitler-Biographie. Viertailjahreshefte fur Zeitgeschicht. 1974; 22.
21. Gregor J. On Understanding Fascism. American Political Science Review. 1973; X11: 67.
22. Gregor J. The Ideology of Fascism. New York; 1969. 493 p.
23. Kuhnl R. Formen burgerlichen Herrschabt. Liberalismus. Faschismus. Reinbek bei Hamburg; 1971-1976. 189 p.
24. Landauer C., Honegger H. Internationale Faschismus. Karlsruhe; 1928. 165 p.
25. Ledeen M. Universal Fascism. The Theory and Practice of the Fascist International. 1928-1936. New York; 1972. 200 p.
26. Linz J. Some Notes Toward a Comparative Study of Fascism. A. Reader’s Guide. Laqueur W. (ed.) London; 1976. 500 p.
27. Melograni P. Theories of Fascism. Journal of Contemporary History. 1976: 4.
28. Michel H. Les fascismes. Paris; 1977. 504 p.
29. Moore C. H. (red.) Authoritorian Politics in Modern Society / C. H. Moore. New York, 1970. – 533 p.
30. Mosse G. Intervista sul nazismo; Ed. M. Leeden. Bari; 1977. 152 p.
31. Pirker T. Komintern und Faschismus 1920-1940. Stuttgart; 1966. 203 p.
32. Talmon L. The Origin of Totalitarian Democracy. London; 1952. 366 p.
33. Weber E. Revolution? Counterrevolution? What Revolution? In: Laqueur W. (red.). Fascism. A Reader’s Guide. London; 1976. 500 p.
Article
Received: 08.09.2023
Accepted: 27.10.2023
Citation Formats
Other cite formats:
APA
Makarenko, V. P. (2023). Traditional and modern dictatorship:the case of fascism (introduction to the problem). Humanities of the South of Russia, 12(5), 26-44. https://doi.org/10.18522/2227-8656.2023.5.2
Section
MODERN RUSSIAN SOCIETY
