Science and Technology Careers: Social Dimension and Sociological Interpretation
How to Cite
Ganchenkova M.G., Zadorozhnyuk I.E., Kalashnik V.M. 2017. Science and Technology Careers: Social Dimension and Sociological Interpretation — Sociologicheskaja nauka i social’naja praktika. Vol. 5. No. 1. P. 108-128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2017.5.1.4995
Abstract
The article provides the definition of science and technology careers and emphasizes such characteristic as innovation orientation. It characterizes the social dimension ofthe young professionals’ career. On specific material, their career development path as well as the conditions, which are conducive to it are reviewed. It provides a support program of the modern science and technology careers from state and business structures. Measures are proposed for the introduction of an educational tax on manufacturing companies and diversification of funding sources, providing balanced career development path of innovation implementers in high technology industries. This will allow meeting the “great challenges” of modern social and economic development, ensuring success of the import substitution strategy, creating optimum conditions to recognize and use science and technology potential in complicated circumstances of the global competition, as well as the human resource assets of the country. In this regard, it is important to study development trends in science and technology, as well as the characteristics of social dimension of the modern career, giving them sociological interpretation. It is emphasized that the conditions conducive to the career development path through the stimulation of innovation activity, particularly important for enterprises, are focused on the functioning and implementation of advanced technologies on the on hand, and universities and higher education institutions, offering their inventions, on the other hand. The regulation of science and technology (especially with an innovation characteristic) careers suppose the reformatting of the staff turnover system taking into account the need to overcome such diverse barriers on the way toward realization as consequences of the “demographic gap” during the staffing of innovative enterprises and bureaucratic limitations during the career development path of innovation implementers, and also stimulation of breakthrough innovation due to measures of advanced material and moral incentives. Innovation is defined by nonlinearity and throw-in efficient surprises that set new challenges to the system of their capture and fixation.
Keywords:
scientific and technological development, innovation, personnel filling, a modern career, the knowledge society, career growth
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Delaem kar’eru v Rossii. 2014. Press-vypusk № 2711. 11.11.2014. [online] // VCIOM. URL: http:// wciom.ru/index.php?id=236&uid=115048 (accessed 04.02.2017). (In Russ.).
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Medynskij V G. 2002. Innovacionnyj menedzhment. [Innovation management]. Moscow, INFRA-M, 308 p. (In Russ.).
Nauchno-tehnologicheskaja i innovacionnaja kar’era v Rossii. Analiticheskij doklad tematicheskoj rabochej gruppy po razrabotke Strategii nauchno-tehnologicheskogo razvitija Rossijskoj Federacii na dolgosrochnyj period. 2016. [Scientific-technological and innovative career in Russia. Analytical report of the thematic working group on development of Strategy of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation for the long term]. [online]. Moscow, National research University Higher school of Economics. URL: https://issek.hse.ru/data/2016/06/23/1115954778/04 Strihanov.pdf (accessed 04.02.2017). (In Russ.).
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Osipov G. V., StrikhanovM. N., Sheregi F. Je. 2014. Vzaimodejstvie nauki i proizvodstva: sociolog- icheskij analiz. [The interaction of science and industry: a sociological analysis]. V 2 ch. Ch. 1. Moscow, Center of social forecasting and marketing, 364 p. (In Russ.).
Povarenkov Ju. P. 2013. Problemy professional’nogo stanovlenija lichnosti. [Problems of profes¬sional formation of the personality]. Saratov, 319 p. (In Russ.).
Poslanie Prezidenta Federal’nomu Sobraniju. 1 dekabrja 2016 goda [The President’s Address To The Federal Assembly]. [online] PrezidentRossii. URL: http://www.kremlin.ru/events/president/ news/53379 (accessed 04.02.2017). (In Russ.).
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Sociologicheskaja jenciklopedija 2003. [Sociological encyclopedia]. V 2 t. Ed. by V. N. Ivanov. Nacional’nyj obshhestvenno-nauchnyj fond; ruk. nauchnogo proekta G. Ju. Semigin; T. 1. M.: Mysl’, 863 p. (In Russ.).
StrikhanovM. N, Dmitriev M. N. 2016. Jadernyj universitet kak innovacija v sfere vysshego obra- zovanija [Nuclear University as invazia in higher education]. Sociologija obrazovanija. № 1. P. 4—18. (In Russ.).
Temnova L. V., Malahov F. V., Voskanjan Je. S. 2016. Konceptual’nye podhody k issledovaniju kar’ery [Conceptual approaches to the study of career]. Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii. № 5. P. 64—71. (In Russ.).
Tkach D. A. 2004. Professional’naja kar’era sovremennoj molodjozhi [Professional career of today’s youth]. Saratov, 23 p. (In Russ.).
Zadorozhnjuk I. E. 1991. I nnovacionnoe predprinimatel’stvo. [Innovative entrepreneurship]. Sociologicheskie issledovanija. № 3. P. 132—144. (In Russ.).
Zadorozhnjuk I. E. 2007. Innovacionnoe predprinimatel’stvo. [Innovative entrepre¬neurship]. Psihologija predprinimatel’stva: hrestomatija. Ed. by D. Ja. Rajgorodskogo. Samara: Bahrah-M, P. 380—399 . (InRuss.).
A global network of entrepreneurial ecosystem builders [online]. InBIA. URL: http://www.inbia.org/ (accessed 04.02.2017).
Bachelor’s degrees conferred by postsecondary institutions, by race/ethnicity and sex of student: Selected years, 1976-77 through 2014-15. [online]. National Center for Education Statistics. URL: https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d16/tables/dt16 322.20. asp?current=yes (accessed 04.02.2017).
The history of business incubation (part 2). March 22, 2013. [online]. Entrepreneurship, business incubation, business models & strategy blog. URL: https:// worldbusinessincubation.files.wordpress.com (accessed 04.02.2017).
Jacobs M. 2016. Science and Engineering Indicators 2016 Released. Feb. 2, 2016 [online]. The Council of Scientific Society Presidents. URL: https://sciencepresidents. org/science-engineering-indicators-2016-released/ (accessed 04.02.2017).
Master’s degrees conferred by postsecondary institutions, by race/ethnicity and sex of student: Selected years, 1976-77 through 2014-15. [online]. National Center for Education Statistics. URL: https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d16/tables/dt16 323.20. asp?current=yes (accessed 04.02.2017).
The American Association for the Advancement of Science [online]. URL: http:// www.aaas.org/aboutymission-and-history (accessed 04.02.2017).
Total researchers in full-time equivalent per thousand total employment. January, 2016. [online]. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). URL: https://data.oecd.org (accessed 04.02.2017).
USA Federal Spending Overview. 2014. [online]. URL: http://www. usgovernmentsp ending.c om (accessed 04.02.2017).
The Oxford English Dictionary. 1989. V. 2. Oxford, 953 p.
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Other cite formats:
Harvard
Ganchenkova, M. G., Zadorozhnyuk, I. E. and Kalashnik, V. M. (2017) ’Science and Technology Careers: Social Dimension and Sociological Interpretation’, Sociologicheskaja nauka i social’naja praktika, 5(1), pp. 108-128. doi: https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2017.5.1.4995.
Section
SOCIOLOGY OF SCIENCE
Publisher: Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FCTAS RAS)