Factors of Income Stratification of Russian Society: Methodology of the Analysis and Role Ascriptive Characteristics
How to Cite
Karavay A.V. 2018. Factors of Income Stratification of Russian Society: Methodology of the Analysis and Role Ascriptive Characteristics — Sociologicheskaja nauka i social’naja praktika. Vol. 6. No. 1. P. 23-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2018.6.1.5735
Abstract
This article is the first from the block of two articles which composing the whole, one of which is present hereinafter, and the second will be published in the following journal issue. In this article, based on the data of the Monitoring research carried out by Institute of Sociology of RAS (2015), the methodology of the analysis of factors of income stratification is described and the role which ascriptive characteristics of the individual play in definition of its place in income hierarchy of the Russian society is shown. With the help of multinomial regression models, it is shown that ascriptive characteristics (more age, type of the settlement and the state of health, and in smaller – a sex), remain significant factors of income stratification in Russia now. Ascriptive characteristics play a special role in low-income strata of society for which representatives there are many structural barriers which are not allowing to accumulate resources and to realize the upward social mobility. It is found out also that within the local communities villagers have more chances of a hit in high-income groups of society in comparison with citizens, and especially – residents of megapolises which should compete more actively among themselves for an opportunity to promote above in income hierarchy. The importance of age for all income groups is shown. People of middle and older age concentrate in middle-income strata, but young people, depending on their place of birth and socialization conditions, separate into polar income groups. Major drivers of this “divergence” processes are linked with structural constraints such as settlement or place of birth that also largely determine opportunities for efficient investment in human capital, rather than personal achievements.
Keywords:
income stratification, income inequality, poor, rich, middle class, poverty factors, resource availability, structural barriers, social mobility
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Karavay A.V. Sotsial'nyy kapital rossiyskikh rabochikh i ikh ustanovki v otnoshenii ego nakopleniya [Russian workers: social capital and capital accumulation settings]. Monitoring obshchestvennogo mneniya: ekonomicheskie i sotsial'nye peremeny. 2016. № 3. P. 1–15 (In Russ.).
Khakhulina L.A., Tuchek M. Raspredelenie dokhodov: bednye i bogatye v postsotsialisticheskikh obshchestvakh (nekotorye rezul'taty sravnitel'nogo analiza) [Distribution of income: the poor and the rich in post-socialist societies (some results of the comparative analysis)]. Monitoring obshchestvennogo mneniya: ekonomicheskie i sotsial'nye peremeny. 1995. №. 1. P. 18–22 (In Russ.).
Kozyreva P.M. Resursy i praktiki sotsial'no-ekonomicheskoy adaptatsii naseleniya Rossii [Resources and practice of social and economic adaptation of the population of Russia]. M.: Novyy khronograf publ., 2013. 328 p. (In Russ.).
Lezhnina Yu.P. Sem'ya dlya srednedokhodnykh sloev naseleniya: tyl ili risk? [Middle-income families in Russia: comparing domestic support and exposure to risk]. Zhurnal issledovaniy sotsial'noy politiki. 2017. Vol. 15. № 3. P. 435–452 (In Russ.).
Lezhnina Yu. P. Sotsial'no-demograficheskie faktory, opredelyayushchie risk bednosti i maloobespechennosti [The social demographic factors defining risk of poverty and low-sufficiency]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya. 2010. № 3. P. 36–45 (In Russ.).
Loginov D.M., Avraamova E.M. Sotsial'no-ekonomicheskaya adaptatsiya: resursy i vozmozhnosti [Social and economic adaptation: resources and opportunities]. Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost'. 2002. № 5. P. 24–34 (In Russ.).
Marno V. Modeli s mnozhestvennym otklikom [Models with a multiple response]. Putevoditel' po sovremennoy ekonometrike. Per. s angl. V.A. Bannikova. Ed. by S.A. Ayvazyana. M.: Nauchnaya kniga publ., 2008. P. 316–329 (In Russ.).
Ovcharova L.N. Teoreticheskie i prakticheskie podkhody k otsenke urovnya, profilya i faktorov bednosti: rossiyskiy i mezhdunarodnyy opyt [Theoretical and practical approaches to assessment of level, profile and factors of poverty: Russian and international experience]. M.: M-Studio publ., 2009. 268 p. (In Russ.).
Ovcharova L.N., Popova D.O, Rudberg A.M. Dekompozitsiya faktorov neravenstva dokhodov v sovremennoy Rossii [Decomposition of Income Inequality in Contemporary Russia]. Zhurnal novoy ekonomicheskoy assotsiatsii. 2016. № 3 (31). P. 170–186 (In Russ.).
Popova D.O. Dinamika faktorov neravenstva v Rossii na mikrourovne v period 1994–2013 gg.: regressionnyy analiz [Dynamics of factors of inequality in Russia at the microlevel during 1994-2013: regression analysis]. Doklad na XVI Aprel'skoy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii «Modernizatsiya ekonomiki i obshchestva». M.: NIU VShE publ., 2015 (In Russ.).
Radaev V.V. Ponyatie kapitala, formy kapitalov i ikh konvertatsiya [Concept of the capital, form of the capitals and their converting]. Ekonomicheskaya sotsiologiya. 2002. T. 3. № 4. P. 20–32 (In Russ.).
Rossiya v tsifrakh. 2016: Krat.stat.sb [Russia in figures. 2016: Short statistical collection]. Rosstat–M., 2016, 543 p.
Sivukha S.V., Titma M. Kh. Sotsial'nye determinanty samootsenki uspekha [Social determinants of a self-assessment of success]. Sotsial'noe rassloenie vozrastnoy kogorty. Ed. by M.Kh. Titma. M.: In-t sotsiologii RAN publ., 1997. P. 250–274 (In Russ.).
Slobodenyuk E.D. Faktory absolyutnoy i sub"ektivnoy bednosti v sovremennoy Rossii [Factors of absolute and subjective poverty in modern Russia]. Vestnik obshchestvennogo mneniya. Dannye. Analiz. Diskussii. 2016. № 3–4. P. 82–92 (In Russ.).
Slobodenyuk E. D. Posledstviya krizisa 2015 g.: obednenie ili prekarizatsiya? [Consequences of the 2015 crisis: slipping into poverty or precarity?]. Zhurnal issledovaniy sotsial'noy politiki. 2017. № 2. P. 183–200 (In Russ.).
Tereshchenko O.V., Kurilovich N.V., Knjazeva E.I. Mnogomernyy statisticheskiy analiz dannykh v sotsial'nykh naukakh: ucheb. posobie [The multidimensional statistical analysis of data in social sciences: study guide]. Minsk: BGU publ., 2012. 239 p. (In Russ.).
Tereshchenko O.V., Titma M.Kh. Differentsiatsiya dokhodov v kogorte tridtsatiletnikh [Differentiation of income in a cohort of thirty-year-old]. Sotsiologicheskiy zhurnal. 1996. № 3–4. P. 196–217 (In Russ.).
Tikhonova N.E. Sotsial'naya struktura Rossii: teorii i real'nost' [Social structure of Russia: theories and reality]. M.: Novyy khronograf: In‑t sotsiologii RAN publ., 2014. 408 p. (In Russ.).
Tikhonova N.E. Stratifikatsiya po dokhodam v Rossii na fone drugikh stran [Income Stratification in Russia in Comparison with Other Countries]. Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost'. 2017b. № 3. P. 26–41 (In Russ.).
Tikhonova N.E. Stratifikatsiya po dokhodu v Rossii: spetsifika modeli i vektor izmeneniy [Income Stratification in Russia: Model Specifics and Vector of Dynamics]. Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost'. 2017a. № 2. P. 23–35 (In Russ.).
Anikin V.A., Lezhnina Y.P., Mareeva S.V., Slobodenyuk E.D., Tikhonovа N.Е. Income stratification: Key approaches and their application to Russia. Higher School of Economics Research Paper No. WP BRP 02/PSP/2016. Moscow: National Research University Higher School of Economics, 2016.
Bourdieu P., Passeron J.C. Reproduction in education, society and culture. London: Sage, 1990. Vol. 4. 236 p.
Eisenhauer J.G. The rich, the poor, and the middle class: Thresholds and intensity indices. Research in Economics. 2011. Vol. 65. № 4. P. 294–304.
Ravallion M. The developing world’s bulging (but vulnerable) middle class. World development. 2010. Vol. 38(4). P. 445–454.
Citation Formats
Other cite formats:
Harvard
Karavay, A. V. (2018) ’Factors of Income Stratification of Russian Society: Methodology of the Analysis and Role Ascriptive Characteristics’, Sociologicheskaja nauka i social’naja praktika, 6(1), pp. 23-36. doi: https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2018.6.1.5735.
Section
THEORY AND METHODOLOGY
Publisher: Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FCTAS RAS)