Factors of Inequality of Russians' Life Chances (Empirical Analysis)
How to Cite
Karavay A.V. 2020. Factors of Inequality of Russians’ Life Chances (Empirical Analysis) — Sociologicheskaja nauka i social’naja praktika. Vol. 8. No. 1. P. 63-78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2020.8.1.7095
Abstract
The article, based on the data from the eighth wave of all-Russian Monitoring carried out by Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS in April 2018, presents the results of the analysis of factors that determine individual’s position in the space of life chances and risks. As shown by the multinomial regression analysis, the risks of falling into the deprived strata are largely related to the ascriptive characteristics of the individual, primarily – with his health, male gender and place of residence. In particular, the increased risks of deprivation for Moscow residents have been identified, which may be associated with a high share of the first-generation migrants among them, who are in a situation of the high probability of long-term unemployment, income instability and non-compliance of their basic labor rights. The scale of this problem is so great that all mass strata of the Moscow residents demonstrate relatively worse indicators in this respect in comparison with residents of other cities, although However, hereditary Muscovites are in a privileged position relatively to the inhabitants of other locations. It is also demonstrated that the expansion of life chances, in contrast to their narrowing relative to the current standard of life chances and risks in modern Russian society, is primarily due to specifics of the resource endowment of individuals. High-quality human and cultural capital, the presence of high-potential social contacts, the habit of planning one’s life and accepting own responsibility for it significantly expand the life chances of Russians while minimizing the risks. The interaction of these factors provides a cumulative effect and shows itself in the accumulation of the human potential of highest quality, contributing to the further expansion of life chances. This is also facilitated by the transfer of key resources in the process of the upper strata’s social reproduction.
Keywords:
life chances, stratification factors, factors of social inequality, social deprivation, human potential, resource endowment
References
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Lezhnina Yu. P. (2019). Riski i vozmozhnosti rossiyan kak baza sotsial’noy dinamiki. [The Risks and Capabilities of Russians as a Base for Social Dynamics]. The Journal of Social Policy Studies. No. 17(2). P. 207–222. DOI: 10.17323/727-0634-2019-17-2-207-222 (In Russ).
Mareeva S. V. (2018). ZHiznennye shansy zhitelej stolic i provincij v massovom soznanii. [Life chances of residents of capitals and provinces in the mass co-knowledge]. Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes. No. 6. P. 365–385. DOI: 10.14515/ monitoring.2018.6.17 (In Russ.).
Model’ dohodnoj stratifikacii rossijskogo obshchestva: dinamika, faktory, mezhstra-novye sravneniya. (2018). [Model of income stratification of the Russian society: dynamics, factors, crosscountry comparisons]. Ed. by N. E. Tikhonova. M.: Nestor-Istoriya publ., 368 p. DOI: 10.3175444691419-7 (In Russ.).
Tihonova N. E. (2014). Sotsial’naya struktura Rossii: teorii i real’nost’. [The Social Structure of Russia: Theories and Reality]. M.: Novyi khronograf publ. (In Russ.). 408 p.
Tikhonova N. E. (2018). Stratifikatsiya po zhiznennym shansam massovykh sloev sovremennogo rossiyskogo obshchestva [Stratification by life chances of mass strata in modern Russian society]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya. No. 6. P. 53–65. DOI: 10.7868/S0132162518060053 (In Russ.).
Tikhоnova N. E., Karavay A. V. (2017). Chelovecheskiy kapital rossiyskikh rabochikh: obshchee sostoyanie i spetsificheskie osobennosti. [The Human Capital of Russian Workers: The Overall State and Its Specifics]. Mir Rossii. Sotsiologiya. Ethnologiya. [Universe of Russia]. Vol. 26. No. 3. P. 6–35. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038Х-2017-26-3-6-35 (In Russ.).
Anikin V. A., Lezhnina Yu. P., Mareeva S. V., Tikhonova N. E. (2017). Social Stratification by Life Chances: Evidence from Russia. NRU HSE. Series WP BRP. “Sociology”. No. 80/SOC/2017. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.16315.72489
Bourdieu P., Passeron J. C. (1990). Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture. London: Sage. Vol. 4. 260 p.
Erikson R., Goldthorpe J. H. (1992). The Constant Flux: A Study of Class Mobility in Industrial Societies. Oxford University Press, USA.
Giddens A. (1973). The Class Structure of the Advanced Societies. London: Hutchinson.
Mincer J. (1962). On-the-job training: Costs, returns, and some implications. The journal of political economy. No. 70(5). P. 50–79.
Piketty T. (2014). Capital in the 21st century Harvard University Press.
Popova D., Pishniak, A. (2016). Measuring Individual Material Well-being Using Multidimensional Indices: an Application Using the Gender and Generation Survey for Russia. Social Indicators Research. Vol. 125. No. 3. P. 1–28.
Weber M. ([1924] 1978). Economy and Society (G. Roth & C. Wittich Eds.). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Article
Received: 12.12.2019
Accepted: 01.04.2020
Citation Formats
Other cite formats:
Harvard
Karavay, A. V. (2020) ’Factors of Inequality of Russians’ Life Chances (Empirical Analysis)’, Sociologicheskaja nauka i social’naja praktika, 8(1), pp. 63-78. doi: https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2020.8.1.7095.
Section
ECONOMIC SOCIOLOGY
Publisher: Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FCTAS RAS)