The Impact of Digitalization on Social Inequality
How to Cite
Yudina M.A. The Impact of Digitalization on Social Inequality. Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2020. Vol. 16. No. 1. P. 97-108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/lsprr.2020.16.1.10 (in Russ.).
Abstract
The Object of the Study. Modern theoretical and methodological approaches to the assessment of social inequality.The Subject of the Study. Internationally used indicators to assess the digital divide.The Purpose of the Study is analyzing of the theoretical and methodological approaches used in international practice to assess digital inequality in order to find ways to improve the indicators which currently are used in the Rossiyskaya Federatsiya.The Main Provisions of the Article. This author examines the following aspects of the impact of digitalization on Russian society: changes in the availability of information resources for different categories of the population caused by the use of ICT, differentiation in special skills for using ICT, and differences in the dynamics of changes in the quality and standard of living. The process of theoretical and methodological understanding of the phenomenon of digital inequality began in the second half of the XX century. It was initially understood as an economic difference between people in terms of their access to certain technologies, however it gradually gained a more comprehensive conceptualization as a systemic phenomenon: a manifestation of structural social inequality in a network society. Today researchers identify three levels of the digital divide (or steps in its evolution), highlighting the growing role of digital skills as well as social connections, intellectual, motivational and wider – human capital in social stratification. The problem of the inequality between individuals on the matter of using digital skills to improve level and quality of life is exacerbated by Industry 4.0 implementation and realization of the Russian government project of the creation of the digital economy. Analysis of the current Rosstat data from the point of view of three levels of digital inequality showed significant improvements in its first level – every year ICT becomes more accessible for Russians. The increase in the number of users leads to a drop in the average indicators of digital skills proficiency, nevertheless the number of Russians using such technologies to improve their level and quality of life is gradually growing. However, additional work is needed in this direction to make the reduction of third-level inequality a sustainable trend.The analysis of indicators which currently are used in the Rossiyskaya Federatsiya to assess the development of the information society, carried out in the framework of this study, demonstrated their compliance with international standards. The theoretical and methodological problem of the statistical methodology used by The Rosstat was revealed: the current indicators do not allow to reflect the correlation between the employment of the population and it’s level of the digital skills. Therefore the indicators currently used in Russiya for digital divide evaluation do not allow to access the readiness of the population to the transition period between industrial revolutions which are always accompanied by the primary wave of technological unemployment in the process of creative destruction of social and economic systems.The Russian state program «Digital Economy» had the strategic target «to launch a regular monitoring to identify the needs of different groups of the working population in the formation of digital economy competencies with the involvement of employers» by June 2019. However checking of the governmental sites of the authorities, who are responsible for the implementation of the mentioned monitoring showed that it is still not ready or just doesn’t accessible for general public.
Keywords:
digital economy, network society, levels of the digital divide, methods of evaluation of digital inequality, types of digital skills
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Plan meropriyatij po napravleniyu «Kadry i obrazovanie» programmy «Cifrovaya ekonomika Rossijskoj Federacii» [Elektronnyj resurs]: http://static.government.ru/media/files/k87YsCABuiyuLAjcWDFILEh6itAirUX0.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 03.10.2019) (in Rus.).
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Federal'noe gosudarstvennoe byudzhetnoe uchrezhdenie «Rossijskaya akademiya obrazovaniya». Prezentaciya «Bazovaya model' kompetencij – yadro sistemy obrazovaniya i razvitiya cheloveka v usloviyah cifrovoj ekonomiki» [Elektronnyj resurs]: http://rusacademedu.ru/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/kondakov-a.-bazovaja-model-kompetencij.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 27.01.2019) (in Rus.).
Federal'nyj portal proektov normativnyh pravovyh aktov. Oficial'nyj sajt dlya razmeshcheniya informacii o podgotovke federal'nymi organami ispolnitel'noj vlasti proektov normativnyh pravovyh aktov i rezul'tatah ih obshchestvennogo obsuzhdeniya [Elektronnyj resurs]: https://regulation.gov.ru/projects (data obrashcheniya: 27.01.2019) (in Rus.).
Federal'nyj proekt Kadry dlya cifrovoj ekonomiki [Elektronnyj resurs]: https://digital.ac.gov.ru/about/26#description (data obrashcheniya: 27.01.2019) (in Rus.).
Ford M. Roboty nastupayut. Razvitie tekhnologij i budushchee bez raboty / Perevod s angl. S.CHernin. M.: Al'pina non-fikshn, 2016. (in Rus.).
CHugunov A.V. Sistema indikatorov i monitoring razvitiya informacionnogo obshchestva i ekonomiki znanij // Vestnik mezhdunarodnyh organizacij: obrazovanie, nauka, novaya ekonomika. 2006. №7, p.13-30. (in Rus.).
Deursen A. Van, Dijk J. Van. Internet skills and the digital divide. New Media & Society. 2010; 13 (6).
Deursen A.J.A.M. Van, Helsper E., Eynon R., Dijk J. van. The compoundness and sequentiality of digital inequality. International Journal of Communication. 2017; 11.
Frey C.B., Osborne M.A., «The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerization?», 2013 URL: https://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/downloads/academic/The_Future_of_Employment.pdf (accessed: 10.05.2019)
From precarious work to decent work: outcome document to the workers' symposium on policies and regulations to combat precarious employment / International Labour Office, Bureau for Workers' Activities. – Geneva: ILO, 2012.
Maceviciute, E., & Wilson, T.D. (2018). Digital means for reducing digital inequality: Literature review. Informing Science: the International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline, 21, 269-287. https://doi.org/10.28945/4117
Ragnedda M. The Third Digital Divide: A Weberian Approach to Digital Inequalities. London: Routledge; 2017.
The Digital Divide The Internet and Social Inequality in International Perspective Edited by Massimo Ragnedda, Glenn W. Muschert © 2013 – Routledge
Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development // Sustainable Development [Site]. URL: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld (accessed: 25.08.2019).
Van Dijk, J. A. G. M. (2012). The evolution of the digital divide: The digital divide turns to inequality of skills and usage. In J. Bus, M. Crompton, M. Hildebrandt, & G. Metakides (Eds), Digital enlightenment yearbook, 2012 (pp. 57-75). Amsterdam: IOS Press.
WEF Insight Report The Future of Jobs Report 2018 Centre for the New Economy and Society.
Wellman B., Chen W. Minding the cyber-gap: the Internet and social inequality. The Blackwell Companion to Social Inequalities. Ed. by M. Romero, E. Margolis. New Jersey: Blackwell Publishing; 2005.
Wichmann, R.L., Eisenbart, B., Gericke, K. (2019) ‘The Direction of Industry: A Literature Review on Industry 4.0’, in Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED19), Delft, The Netherlands, 5-8 August 2019. DOI:10.1017/dsi.2019.219p.2136.
Article
Received: 02.02.2020
Accepted: 27.03.2020
Citation Formats
Other cite formats:
APA
Yudina, M. A. (2020). The Impact of Digitalization on Social Inequality. Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia, 16(1), 97-108. https://doi.org/10.19181/lsprr.2020.16.1.10
Section
SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
