The Problem of the Collision of Lives from the Standpoint of Philosophical Reflection
Research Article
How to Cite
Khmelevskaya S.A. The Problem of the Collision of Lives from the Standpoint of Philosophical Reflection. Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2020. Vol. 16. No. 2. P. 100-107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/lsprr/2020.16.2.10 (in Russ.).
Abstract
The Object of the Study is situations of collision of lives, in which the realization of the right to life of one person collides with the realization of a similar right of another; these are situations where the right to life of one person (group of people) can be secured only by taking this right from another person (other people). The Subject of the Study is the c collision of lives, considered from the perspective of philosophical analysis, which allows us to approach their study comprehensively, find their deep foundations, and present them as a personal and social problem. The Purpose of the Study is to show the difficulties in resolving these collision, both in legal and moral aspects, and to reveal possible ways to resolve them. Main Theoretical Provisions of the Article. The article substantiates the idea that the problem of collision of lives is a philosophical problem, and broadly refers to a number of situations when saving the life of one person (group of people) is possible only by taking the life of another person (group of other people). The philosophical analysis required a typology of these situations. In this regard, the article presents a typology based on the features of choice in a situation of collision of lives: the choice between saving one's own life and saving the life of another person; a choice made by a third person; a choice made by a researcher (patient, subject, or their relatives) when applying biomedical technologies that relate to the boundaries of life; a choice made at the level of the state or society as a whole. Some of the situations related to the collision of lives are resolved through the mechanism of legal regulation, while others are resolved by public consensus, self - control on the part of the scientific community, finding a fair balance of private and public interests, and moral choices based either on the ethics of utilitarianism or the ethics of egalitarianism. But both ethical concepts imply the use of the principle of «the lesser of two evils» in the situation of choice, which often generates a sense of guilt in the person who made the choice. From the standpoint of the moral ideal, the choice in a situation of collision of lives will always be unfair, since the life of each person has an absolute value and there is always a victim in this choice, who loses his life. Therefore, the principle of «lesser evil» is relevant only within the framework of situational ethics. However, the problem of the collision of lives has deep ontological roots, the origins of which should be sought in the laws of biological evolution.
Keywords:
collision of lives, death, choice, extreme necessity, biomedical technologies, the principle of «lesser evil».
References
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4. Kommentarij k Ugolovnomu kodeksu Rossijskoj Federacii: V 2 t. T.1 (posta-tejnyj) /A.V.Brilliantov, G.D.Dolzhenkova, E.N.ZHevlakov i dr. M.: Prospekt, 2015; Konsul'tant Plyus. 15.04.2020.
5. Mechnikov I.I. Etyudy o prirode cheloveka. M.: Izdatel'stvo Akademii nauk SSSR, 1961.
6. Prokof'ev A.V. Ponyatie men'shego zla: soderzhanie, kriterii, usloviya prime-neniya. Doklad na teoreticheskom seminare Sektora etiki Instituta filosofii RAN https://iphras.ru/uplfile/ethics/seminar/prok_q.html. (Data obrashcheniya 15.04.2020).
7. Slesarev S.A. Otvetstvennost' za dejstviya v sluchae krajnej neobhodimosti //Rukovoditel' byudzhetnoj organizacii. 2018. №4. S.58-64.
8. Tagancev N.S. Russkoe ugolovnoe pravo. T.1. Tula, 2001.
9. Tolkovyj slovar' russkogo yazyka: V 4-h t. T.1 /Pod red prof. D.N. Ushakova. M.: TERRA, 1996.
10. Ugolovnoe pravo Rossijskoj Federacii. Obshchaya chast' /Pod red. V.S.Komissarova, N.E.Krylovoj, I.M.Tyazhkovoj. M.: Statut, 2012; cit. po: Konsul'tant Plyus. 15.04.2020.
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12. Frankl V. CHelovek v poiskah smysla. M.: Progress,1990.
13. Hmelevskaya S.A. «Kolliziya zhiznej» kak filosofsko-pravovaya problema //Filosofiya politiki i prava: Sbornik nauchnyh rabot. Vyp.2 /Pod obshch. red. E.N.Moshchelkova. M.: Izdatel' Vorob'yov A.V., 2011. S.46-54.
14. Hmelevskaya S.A. Regenerativnaya medicina i situacii «poslednej nadezhdy»: moral'nye i pravovye problemy //Geny i kletki. 2019. №XIV. S.247-248.
15. Hmelevskaya S.A. Regenerativnaya medicina - put' k biologicheskomu bessmer-tiyu cheloveka? //Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 7: Filosofiya. 2019. №2. S.38-54.
16. American Medical Association (АМА). Release of Data from Unethical Experiments. https: //www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/ethics/release-data-unethical-experiments. (Дата обращения 15.04.2020).
17. Emergenza COVID-19: Ecco le raccomandazioni di etica clinica della siaarti. Un documento della Società Italiana di Anestesia, Analgesia, Rianimazione e Terapia Intensiva per gestire l'ammissione ai trattamenti intensivi, dopo che da parte dei soggetti coinvolti sono stati compiuti tutti gli sforzi possibili per aumentare la disponibilità di risorse erogabili. http://www.siaarti.it/default.aspx. (Дата обращения 15.04.2020).
18. Nuffield Council on Bioethics. Archard D. Hard choices at the frontline. https://www.nuffieldbioethics.org/blog/hard-choices-at-the-frontline. (Дата обращения 15.04.2020).
18. Nuffield Council on Bioethics. Ethical considerations in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. 17 марта 2020 года. https://www.nuffieldbioethics.org/assets/pdfs/Ethical-considerations-in-responding-to-the-COVID-19-pandemic.pdf. (Дата обращения 15.04.2020).
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Article
Received: 05.05.2020
Accepted: 15.06.2020
Citation Formats
Other cite formats:
APA
Khmelevskaya, S. A. (2020). The Problem of the Collision of Lives from the Standpoint of Philosophical Reflection. Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia, 16(2), 100-107. https://doi.org/10.19181/lsprr/2020.16.2.10
Section
PHILOSOPHIC RESEARCH
