Social minimum living standard in Russia: estimation methods
Research Article
How to Cite
Migranova L.A., Korchagina I.I. Social minimum living standard in Russia: estimation methods. Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2021. Vol. 17. No. 2. P. 192-203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/lsprr.2021.17.2.3 (in Russ.).
Abstract
The minimum living standard of the population in Russia since 1992 is subsistence minimum (SM). It plays a significant social role as a criterion for the assessment of the need of households for social assistance. The methods for SM calculating were periodically changed, but the rate of absolute poverty was always measured by the share of the population with income below SM. The article considers in detail the methods for estimating SM, adopted in 2013 and based on normative-statistical approach. Analysis of the food consumption and the structure of consumer spending of poor households, based on Household Budget Survey 2012-2019, revealed their non-compliance with the SM that was effective up to and including 2020. Since 2021 estimation of poverty is made by statistical methods without calculating minimum consumer basket (Law № 473-ФЗ as of 29.12.2020). The poverty line is determined by the ratio to median income per capita, and the poverty rate is of relative character. Retrospective analysis of the dynamics in the per capita and median incomes of the RF population and the SM per capita for 2013-2020 makes it possible to estimate the difference in the rates of absolute and relative poverty and to understand what guided the developers of the law in determining the SM per capita at 44.2% of the median income and the value of SM for the main sociodemographic groups of the population for the year 2021. In addition, on concrete examples, by means of the logarithmic normal function used by Rosstat for calculation of the population income distribution, it is shown, at what ratio of the median income to the average, the rate of absolute poverty may be reduced by half as compared to 2019
Keywords:
subsistence minimum, minimum consumption norms, minimum food basket, consumer spending, average per capita income, median income, absolute and relative poverty
References
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2. Bobkov V.N., Odintsova E.V., Gulyugina A.A. Consumer basket as the basis for the State guarantees of minimum monetary income of Russian citizens. Part 2. Population. 2020. Vol. 23. No. 4. P. 4-18; DOI: 10.19181/population.2020.23.4.1 (in Russ.).
3. Bobkov V.N., Gulyugina A.A., Odintsova E.V. Minimum consumer basket: What should it be today in Russia? Russian Economic Journal. 2020. No. 1. P. 54-73. DOI: 10.33983/0130-9757-2020-1-54-73 (in Russ).
4. Bobkov V.N., Gulyugina A.A., Odintsova E.V., Safronova A.M. Socially acceptable consumption basket. Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2019. No. 2(212). P. 8-26. DOI: 10.24411/1999–9836–2019–10060 (in Russ.).
5. Voronkova Е. К., Gromova E.I., Keri I.T. Present day’s realities of social standards in the Russian Federation: consumer basket and living standard. Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics. 2019. No. 4 (106). DOI: 10.21686/2413-2829-2019-4-23-31 (in Russ).
6. Zharomsky V.S., Migranova L.A., Toksanbaeva M.S. Socio-economic inequality in Russia: dynamics and estimation method. Population. 2018. Vol. 21. No. 4. Р. 89-95. DOI: 10.26653/1561-7785-2018-21-4-08 (in Russ.).
7. Korchagina I.I. Population consumption. In book Regional'nyye osobennosti urovnya i kachestva zhizni [Regional Features of the Standards and Quality of Life]. Moscow: ISEPN RAN. 2012. P. 281-338 (in Russ.).
8. Migranova L.A. Subsistence minimum 2013: new methods, old problems. Population. 2013. No. 1. P. 42-51 (in Russ.).
9. Narodonaseleniye sovremennoy Rossii: riski i vozmozhnosti [Population of Modern Russia: Risks and Opportunities]. Moscow: Economic Education. 2013. 278 p. (in Russ.).
10. Mozhina M.A., Ovcharova L.N., et al. Bednost': al'ternativnyye podkhody k opredeleniyu i izmereniyu. [Poverty: Alternative Approaches to Definition and Measurement] Moscow: Carnegie Moscow Center. 1998. 300 р. (in Russ.).
11. Mozhina M.A., Popkin B., Baturin A.K. Methods of substantiating the subsistence minimum in the Russian Federation. Bednost': vzgliad uchenych na problemu [Poverty: a view of scientists on the problem: collection of articles]. Ed. by M.A. Mozhina. Moscow: ISEPN RAN, 1994, P. 47-69 (in Russ.)
12. Mustafin A.I., Mustafin A.N. Features of the formation of the consumer basket in the Russian Federation Sustainable. Development of Science and Education. 2017. № 4. P. 139–14. (in Russ.).
13. Ovcharova L.N., Biryukova S.S., Ter-Akopov S.A., Vardanyan E.G. What Has Changed in the Incomes, Expenditures and Consumption of the Russian Population? Ed. L.N. Ovcharova. No. 2. Moscow: Higher School of Economics. 2014 (in Russ.).
14. Ovcharova L.N. Teoreticheskiye i prakticheskiye podkhody k otsenke urovnya, profilya i faktorov bednosti: rossiyskiy i mezhdunarodnyy opyt. [Theoretical and Practical Approaches to Assessment of the Level, Profile and Factors of Poverty: Russian and International Experience]. Moscow: M-Studio. 2009. 268 p. (in Russ.).
15. Sistema ekonomiko-matematicheskikh modeley dlya analiza i prognoza urovnya zhizni [The System of Economic and Mathematical Models for Analysis and Projections of Living Standards]. Eds. N.P Fedorenko, N.M. Rimashevskaya. Moscow: Nauka. 1986 (in Russ.).
16. Terentieva O.N. Topical issues of making the market basket of an average Russian citizen. National Interests: Priorities and Security. 2018. Vol. 14. № 12. P. 2231-2243 (in Russ.).
Article
Received: 26.02.2021
Accepted: 31.05.2021
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APA
Migranova, L. A., & Korchagina, I. I. (2021). Social minimum living standard in Russia: estimation methods. Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia, 17(2), 192-203. https://doi.org/10.19181/lsprr.2021.17.2.3
Section
ECONOMIC RESEARCH
