The potential of the Russian middle classes on education and position in employment: identification and assessment of the extent

Research Article
  • V. N. Bobkov Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population of the Russian Academy of Sciences; GV Plekhanov Russian Economic University, Moscow, Russian Federation bobkovvn@mail.ru
  • Ye. V. Odintsova Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population of the Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia odin_ev@mail.ru
How to Cite
Bobkov V.N., Odintsova Y.V. The potential of the Russian middle classes on education and position in employment: identification and assessment of the extent. Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2017. Vol. 13. No. 4. P. 80-87. (in Russ.).

Abstract

The Object of the Study. The Russian middle classes, formed of the employed population. The Subject of the Study. Identifying  the potential of the Russian middle classes among the employed population on the basis of criteria and standards of education and position in employment. The Purpose of the Study. To Assessyng the educational potential of formation of the Russian middle classes from the employed population, identifying the boundaries and the structure of the middle classes based on the criteria and standards of education and position in employment. The Main Provisions of the Article. The article presents the updated criteria and social standards to identify the potential of the Russian middle classes on the basis of an evaluation of education and position in employment. Social standards of two levels - those defining the minimum requirements for classifying employed to the middle classes and identifying the core of the middle classes - are proposed. Educational potential of the Russian middle classes among the employed in general and among employees and self-employed is identified. It is shown that the potential of formation of the middle classes, defined according to the criteria of education, among employees exceeds the potential of formation of the middle classes among self-employed.  The possible scope of the middle classes is defined based on the analysis of compliance of employed to requirements of the social standards of education and position in employment. It is shown that the potential of the middle classes taking into account compliance with mentioned standards could reach to 43.2% of the employed population. The structure the potential of the middle classes including the core (17.7% of employed), extended core (13.1% of employed) and the periphery (12.5% of employed) is identified on the basis of criteria and standards of education and position in employment. It is shown that at the present stage, taking into account the distribution of the employed by status and educational structure of employees and self-employed, the basis of the Russian middle classes are employees who contribute most to the number the potential of the middle classes. It is shown that about 25% of the employed couldn't be attributed to the potential of the middle classes, because their education and position in employment do not meet the minimum standards of identification.
Keywords:
middle classes, , employed people, identification criteria, social standards, education, position in employment

Author Biographies

V. N. Bobkov, Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population of the Russian Academy of Sciences; GV Plekhanov Russian Economic University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Doctor of Economics, Professor, Honoured Science Worker of the Russian Federation, Head of  the Laboratory of Problems of Living Standards and Quality of Life at the Institute of Socioeconomic Studies of Population, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chief Research Worker of the Scientific School “Human Resource Management” at G V Plekhanov Russian University of Economics
Ye. V. Odintsova, Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population of the Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
PhD  in Economics, Senior Research Worker of the Laboratory of  Problems of Living Standards and Quality of Life

References

1. Avraamova E.M. Novye vyzovy rasshireniju rossijskogo srednego klassa [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: http://www. ranepa.ru/images/insap/Avraamova-srednii-klass.pdf (data obrascheniya: 23.07.2017).

2. Bobkov V.N. Sotsialnyie strukturyi i srednie klassyi: vzglyad na Rossiyu. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Seriya 5. Ekonomika. Vyipusk 4. 2014. S. 28-41.

3. Bobkov V.N., Kvachev V.G., Odintsova Ye.V. Srednie klassy glazami rossijskih ekspertov // Aktualnye problemy socialnoekonomicheskogo razvitiya Rossii. 2016. No. 3/4. S. 48-59.

4. Doklad ob ekonomike Rossii (2014 g., No. 31) / Vsemirnyj bank [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: http://www.worldbank.org/ content/dam/Worldbank/document/eca/RER-31-rus.pdf

5. (data obrascheniya: 11.11.2017).

6. Maleva T.M., Burdjak A.Ja., Tyndik A.O. Srednie klassy na razlichnyh jetapah zhiznennogo puti // Zhurnal Novoj ekonomicheskoj associacii. 2015. No. 3. S. 109-138. 6. Obsledovanje rabochej sily. 2016 g. [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/ rosstat/ru/statistics/publications/catalog/doc_1140097038766 (data obrascheniya: 10.11.2017).

7. «OK 010-2014 (MSKZ-08). Obscherossijskij klassifikator zanyatij» (prinyat i vveden v dejstvie Prikazom Rosstandarta ot 12.12.2014 No.2020-st) [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: http://www.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc& base=LAW&n=177953&fld=134&dst=1000000001,0&r nd=0.8745413923538989 (data obrascheniya: 12.09.2017). 8. Rabochaja sila, zanyatost i bezrabotica v Rossii. 2016 g. [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/ b16_61/Main.htm (data obrascheniya: 10.11.2017).

8. Rossijskie srednie klassy nakanune i na pike ekonomicheskogo rosta. M.: Jekon-Inform, 2008. 200 s.

9. Rossijskij monitoring ekonomicheskogo polozheniya i zdorovya naseleniya NIU-VShE (RLMS-HSE), provodimyj Natsionalnym issledovatelskim universitetom «Vysshаyа shkolа ekonomiki» i OOO «Demoskop» pri uchastii Tsentra narodonaseleniya Universiteta Severnoy Karolinyi v Chapel Hille i Instituta sotsiologii RAN. Sayty obsledovaniya RLMSHSE: http://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/rlms i http://www.hse.

10. ru/rlms.

11. Srednij klass v sovremennoj Rossii: 10 let spustya: Analiticheskij doklad / Institut sotsiologii Rossijskoj akademii nauk. – M., 2014 [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: http://www.isras. ru/files/File/Doklad/Analit_doc_Sredny_klass/full.pdf (data obrascheniya: 23.07.2017).

12. Banerjee A. V., Duflo E. What is Middle Class about the Middle Classes around the World? // Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2008. No.2. P. 3-69.

13. Bobkov V.N., Odintsova Ye.V. Middle Classes: Theoretical Principles, Contemporary Working Out, Regarding the Hired Workers // Economy of Region. 2014. No. 2. P. 203-211.

14. Birdsall N. The (Indispensable) Middle Class in Developing Countries; or, The Rich and the Rest, Not the Poor and the Rest / Center for Global Development. 2010.

15. Franco R., Hopenhayn M., León A. The growing and changing middle class in Latin America: an update // Cepal Review. 2011. No. 103. P. 7-25.

16. Global Wealth Report 2015 / The Credit Suisse Research Institute. 2015 [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://publications. credit-suisse.com/tasks/render/file/?fileID=F2425415-DCA780B8-EAD989AF9341D47E (data obrascheniya: 11.11.2017).

17. Kochhar R. A Global Middle Class Is More Promise than Reality: From 2001 to 2011, Nearly 700 Million Step Out of Poverty, but Most Only Barely / Pew Research Center. 2015
Citation Formats
Other cite formats:

APA
Bobkov, V. N., & Odintsova, Y. V. (2017). The potential of the Russian middle classes on education and position in employment: identification and assessment of the extent. Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia, 13(4), 80-87. Retrieved from https://www.jour.fnisc.ru/index.php/vcugjournal/article/view/8272
Issue
Vol 13 No 4 (2017): Precarious Employment in the Context of Tranforming Contemporary Labour Market
Section
SOCIAL STRUCTURES AND SOCIAL SAFETY