Service model of science, or to the question of changing the status of science in society
Research Article
How to Cite
Khmelevskaya S.A. Service model of science, or to the question of changing the status of science in society. Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2021. Vol. 17. No. 3. P. 389-398. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/lsprr.2021.17.3.9 (in Russ.).
Abstract
Transformation of society to the post-industrial stage of development and the formation of a consumer society has significantly changed the status of science, which is reflected in the culture of postmodernism. The pre-existing status of science in the modern culture was based on its role as a basic epistemological subject producing true knowledge. The new status of science follows from the role of science in the service sector and the understanding of science as one of the subjects of this sphere, which was enshrined in the concept of «service science». The emegence of service science is due to a number of reasons: the increasing high cost of scientific research and the limited sources of state funding, the transfer of a number of scientific organizations to self-financing, etc. The phenomenon of service science has become a reality. Modern philosophy of science and, in particular, social epistemology, which focuses on both the advantages of service science and its negative features, is engaged in its comprehension. On the one hand, service science accelerates the development of scientific knowledge, redistributes functions between scientific organizations in order to speed up calculations, reduce costs, etc. On the other hand, the transformation to service science has led to a decline in the authority of science as an independent social institution, a decrease in its importance as a public domain, and the relationship «customer/consumer of services-service provider» is now dominant in the field of scientific activity, which makes science dependent on the customer (in particular, in the choice of research topics, etc.). This is dangerous in the sense that research and development begins to focus on the immediate demand, which, in the end, hides the desire of the customer to get a big profit here and now. At the same time, service science is, although predominant, but still only a part of modern science. However, the further development of science implies an increasing immersion in the service sector, which is already evident in the development of technoscience.
Keywords:
science, service science, consumer society, postmodern culture, service sector, social epistemology, performer-customer relations, technoscience
References
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2. Baudrillard J. Simulyakry i simulyaciya [Simulacra and simulation.] Moscow: POSTUM, 2015. 240 p., ISBN 978-5-91478-023-1 (In Russ.).
3. Bacon F. New Atlantis. Essays. In 2 volumes. Vol. 1. Moscow: Mysl, 1971. P. 483-519. (In Russ.).
4. Bacon F. Dignity and Advancement of the Science. Essays: In 2 vols. Vol. 2. Moscow: Mysl, 1978. P. 85-547. (In Russ.).
5. Jameson F. Postmodernism and consumer society. Logos. 2000. No. 4. P. 63-77. (In Russ.).
6. Kazarina Larisa A., Kazarina Marina V. Services in the field of scientific service. Service plus. 2016. Vol. 10. No. 2. P. 3-8. DOI: 10.12737/19452 (In Russ.).
7. Pruzhinin B.I. et al. The self-integrity of knowledge as a problem of modern epistemology. Materials of Round table. Voprosy filosofii. 2016. No. 8. P. 36-38. (In Russ.).
8. Kasavin Ilya T. Science as a political agent. Sociological research. 2020. No. 7. P. 3-14. DOI: 10.31857/S013216250009293-5 (In Russ.).
9. Kolenkov A.A. Legal regime of service provision under the legislation of the Russian Federation. Yurist. 2017. No. 3. P. 19-21. (In Russ.).
10. Kostina A.O. Normativity, expertise and epistemological paternalism in the philosophy of science. A review of the journal Metaphilosophy. Epistemology and Philosophy of Science. 2019. Vol. 56. No. 2. P. 229-241. DOI: 10.5840/eps201956240 (In Russ.).
11. Koshovets O.B., Frolov I.E. Brave new world: on science transformation into technoscience. Epistemology and Philosophy of science. 2020. Vol. 57. No. 1. P. 20-31. (In Russ.).
12. Rodrik D. Ekonomika reshaet: sila i slabost' «mrachnoj nauki» [Economics rules: the rights and wrongs of the "dismal science".] Moscow: Gaidar Institute, 2017. 256 p., ISBN 978-5-93255-481-4 (In Russ.).
13. Postneklassika: filosofiya, nauka, kul'tura. [Post-Non-classics: Philosophy, Science, Culture.] St. Petersburg: Mir, 2009. P. 249-295 (In Russ.).
14. Trushina N.I. Patenting genes: philosophical, legal and ethical aspects. Socio-political Sciences. 2017. No. 5. P. 15-17. (In Russ.).
15. Fedorov M.V., Peshina E.V. Modern concepts of knowledge production. University management: practice and analysis. 2012. No. 3. P. 6-12. (In Russ.).
16. Fuller S. Post-Truth: Knowledge as a power game. [Russ. ed.: Postpravda: Znanie kak bor'ba za vlast']. Transl. from Eng. by D. Kralechkin. Moscow: House of the Higher School of Economics, 2021. 368 p. (In Russ.).
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19. Yudin B.G. So what is happening in science? Epistemology and Philosophy of science. 2011. No. 4. P. 60-65. (In Russ.).
20. Hume D. A Treatise of Human Nature: Being an Attempt to Introduce the Experimental Method of Reasoning into Moral Subjects and Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion [Russ. ed.: Traktat o chelovecheskoj prirode, ili popytka primenit' osnovannyj na opyte metod rassuzhdeniya k moral'nym predmetam]. D. Hume essays in 2 volumes. Vol. 2. Moscow: Mysl, 1996. Pp. 53-656. (In Russ.).
21. Bloor D. Knowledge and Social Imagery. London, 1976; 2 ed. Chicago, 1991. 204 р., ISBN 0-226-06096-9.
22. Fuller S. New Frontiers in Science and Technology Studies. Wiley, 2007. 240 р., ISBN 0745636934.
23. Giarini О. New Paradigm in the Service Economy. The Search of Economics for Scientific Credibility: In between Hard and Soft Sciences. Cadmus. 2014. Vol. 2. No. 3. P. 94-120.
24. Goldman A.I. Group knowledge versus group rationality: two approaches to social epistemology. Episteme. 2004. Vol. 1. No. Р. 11-22. DOI: 10.3366/epi.2004.1.1.11.
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26. Kenessey Z. The primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary sectors of the economy. Review of Income and Wealth. 1987. Vol. 33. No.4. P. 359-385. DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-4991.1987.tb00680.x.
27. Madduri R.K., Foster I. Science as a Service: How on-demand computing can accelerate discovery. Conference: Proceedings of the 4th ACM workshop on Scientific cloud computing. June 2013. DOI: 10.1145/2465848.2480345.
28. Merton R.K. The Institutional Imperatives of Science. Sociology of Science / Ed. B. Barnes. L.: Penguin Books, 1972. P. 65-79.
29. Merton R.K. The Sociology of Science. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1973. P. 267-278.
30. Miles S. Consumerism as a Way of Life. London: SAGE, 1998. 174 р.
31. Smart В. Consumer society. Sage Publications, 2010. 264 р.
32. Williams-Jones B. History of a gene patent: tracing the development and application of commercial BRCA testing. Health Law Journal. 2002. Vol. 10. P. 123-146.
Article
Received: 11.06.2021
Accepted: 20.09.2021
Citation Formats
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APA
Khmelevskaya, S. A. (2021). Service model of science, or to the question of changing the status of science in society. Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia, 17(3), 389-398. https://doi.org/10.19181/lsprr.2021.17.3.9
Section
PHILOSOPHIC RESEARCH
