Demographic and Family Policies as a Part of Contemporary Social Policy: Theoretical Approaches, Goals, Implementation Mechanisms and Performance Assessment (Part 2)
Research Article
Acknowledgments
This publication was prepared within the RFBR grant No. 21-011-31408
How to Cite
Sinitsa A.L. Demographic and Family Policies as a Part of Contemporary Social Policy: Theoretical Approaches, Goals, Implementation Mechanisms and Performance Assessment (Part 2). Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2022. Vol. 18. No. 2. P. 189-200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/lsprr.2022.18.2.4 (in Russ.).
Abstract
Despite the long history of implementation of demographic policy, there is no consensus on its results. The principles and criteria for evaluating the results are discussed in great detail in the literature, but opinions differ greatly with regard to the domestic policy. Nevertheless, experts assess the results as low, because despite the success of certain years stable natural population growth has not been achieved. The results of family policy are also low, since the poverty of families with children is very high, and the family crisis has not been overcome. The article examines some of the benefits of demographic and family policy, which are aimed at helping young families and families with children. It is noted that the benefits in general do not fulfill their function, because they are small enough to make a noticeable contribution to the family budget, or do not provide a standard of living even at the level of the subsistence minimum. It is shown that, in general, the more economically developed a region is, the more opportunities it has to implement more active policies, although the relationship between the level of economic development and the amount of assistance to families with children is not always direct. However, the differences between the regions are significant. It is concluded that other measures of assistance to families with children need to be considered in more detail, and that regional measures of assistance to families need to be monitored regularly. It is necessary to increase funding for demographic and family policy measures and to modernize the system of benefits. It is also necessary to strengthen family policy measures aimed at creating the need for a family way of life and for several children in the family. This article is the second part of the study. The first part examined the goals, functions, and approaches to demographic and family policies (see Journal Issue No. 1, 2022).
Keywords:
social policy, family policy, demographic policy, policy measures, policy efficiency and effectiveness, regional differentiation, benefits
References
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30. Sinitsa A.L. Policies to improve the housing conditions of large families in Russia: results and opportunities. Social knowledge in modern society: problems, regularities, perspectives. Materials of the International Scientific-Practical Conference, Minsk, November 14-15, 2019. Minsk: StroiMediaProekt, 2019. P. 290–293. (In Russ.).
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32. Yakovleva E.N., Krukova I.V. Methodological approaches to assessing the impact and effectiveness of regional social and demographic policies: the theoretical aspect. News of Higher Educational Institutions. The Series "Economics, Finance and Production Management. 2021. No. 1. P. 114-124. DOI: 10.6060/ivecofin.20214701.524 (In Russ.).
33. Blanchet D., Ekert-Jaffé O. The demographic impact of family benefits: evidence from a macro-model and from macro-data. In: The family, the market and the state in ageing societies, Ermisch J., Ogawa N. (eds). Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994. P. 79–104.
34. Chesnais J.-C. Les conditions d’efficacité d’une politique nataliste: examen théorique et exemples historiques. Proceedings of the IUSSP International population conference. Florence, 1985. Vol. 3. Liege: IUSSP, 1985: 413–425.
35. Slonimczyk F., Yurko A. Assessing the impact of the maternity capital policy in Russia. Labour Economics. 2014. Vol. 30. P. 265–281. DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2014.03.004
2. Antonov A.I., Borisov V.A. Population dynamics in Russia in the XXI century and demographic policy priorities. Moscow: Klyuch-S, 2006. 192 p. (In Russ.).
3. Antonov A.I., Medkov V.M., Аrkhangel'skiy V.N. Demographic processes in Russia in the XXI century. Moscow: Graal', 2002. 168 p. (In Russ.).
4. Аrkhangel'skiy V.N., Dzhanayeva N.G. Regional characteristics of fertility dynamics and demographic policy. Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2014. No. 1. P. 73–82. (In Russ.).
5. Arkhangel’skiy V.N., Zinkina Ju.V., Korotaev A.V., Shulgin S.G. Modern fertility trends in Russia and the impact of the pronatalist policies. Sociological Studies. 2017. No. 3. P. 43–50. (In Russ.).
6. Arkhangel’skiy V.N., Ivanova A.E., Rybakovsky L.L. The results of Russia's demographic policy. Moscow.: Ekon-Inform Publ., 2016. 307 p. (In Russ.).
7. Burkhanova F.B. Family policy in Russia and Bashkortostan in experts' assessments. Social Policy and Sociology. 2010. No. 8. P. 136–155. (In Russ.).
8. Vishnevsky A.G. Post-Soviet demographic space: Eastern Europe or an integral part of Europe. Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. 1998. No 5. P. 122–132. (In Russ.).
9. Vishnevsky A.G., Abdreev E.M., Treivish A.I. Prospects for Russia's development: the role of the demographic factor. Scientific works No. 53 P. Moscow: Institute for the Economy in Transition, 2003. 90 p. (In Russ.).
10. Goliashev A.V., Grigor'ev L.M. Types of Russian regions: stability and shifts in 2003–2013. Moscow: Analiticheskii tsentr pri Pravitel'stve Rossiiskoi Federatsii, 2014. 47 p. (In Russ.).
11. Elizarov V.V. Stimulation of birth-rate: from theory to practice. Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2006. No. № 5–6 (99–100). P. 91–104. (In Russ.).
12. Elizarov V.V., Аrkhangel'skiy V.N., Dzhanayeva N.G. Differentiation of assessments of significance of measures of assistance to families with children. Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2014. No. 1. P. 73–82. (In Russ.). 2019. Vol. 15. No. 4. P. 85–96. DOI: 10.19181/1999-9836-2019-10084 (In Russ.).
13. Elizarov V.V., Dzhanayeva N.G. Maternity (family) capital as a support program for families with children: implementation results and development prospects (Part Two). Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2020. Vol. 16. No.4. P. 21–35. DOI: 10.19181/lsprr.2020.16.4.2 (In Russ.).
14. Elizarov V.V., Dzhanayeva N.G. Regional programs as a tool of regional demographic policy. In: Regional population policy. Moscow: MAKS Press, 2012. P. 10–42. (In Russ.).
15. Eremin A.A. Theoretical and methodological problems of assessing the effectiveness of regional demographic policy. Geography and natural resource management in Siberia. 2015. No. 19. P. 62–77. (In Russ.).
16. Zakharov S.V. Prospects for changes in fertility in Russia. Narodonaselenie. 2004. No. 3. P. 037–045. (In Russ.).
17. Zakharov S.V. The modest results of the pronatalist policy against the background of long-term evolution of fertility in Russia. Part 1. Demographic Review. 2016a. Vol. 3. No. 3. P. 6–38. (In Russ.).
18. Zakharov S.V. The modest results of the pronatalist policy against the background of long-term evolution of fertility in Russia. Part 2. Demographic Review. 2016b. Vol. 3. No. 4. P. 6–26. (In Russ.).
19. Isupova O.G. Population and family policy in different countries: conceptual approaches and practices. Demographic Review. 2020. Vol. 7. No. 3. P. 51–83. DOI: 10.17323/demreview.v7i3.11636 (In Russ.).
20. Isupova O.G. What the experience of family policy teaches. Demoscope Weekly. 2017. No. 739–740. URL: http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2017/0739/demoscope739.pdf (date of visit: 05.02.2022). (In Russ.).
21. Kvasha A.Ya. Demographic policy in the USSR. Moscow: Finansy i statistika, 1981. 200 p. (In Russ.).
22. Klupt M.A. Demographic policy as the art of the possible. Bulletin of Political Psychology. 2008. No. 1. P. 27–31. (In Russ.).
23. Kuzin S.I., Kuchmaeva O.V. The implementation of the state family policy in modern Russia. Vestnik Universiteta. 2017. No. P. 192–198. (In Russ.).
24. Kuchmaeva O.V. Modern problems of assessing the effectiveness of the family policy in the Russian Federation. Statistics and Economics. 2017. No. 5. P. 85–93. DOI: 10.21686/2500-3925-2017-5-85-93 (In Russ.).
25. Rostovskaya T.K., Kuchmaeva O.V., Bezverbnaya N.A. Current state and prospects of family policy in Russia: sociodemographic analysis. Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast. 2019. Vol. 12. No. 6. P. 209–227. DOI: 10.15838/esc.2019.6.66.12 (In Russ.).
26. Rybakovskiy L.L. On the eve of the choice: the second stage of the depopulation or demographic growth? Narodonaselenie. 2013. No. 4. P. 039–049. (In Russ.).
27. Rybakovsky O.L., Tayunova O.A. Population policy: definition, structure, objectives. Science. Culture. Society. 2019. No. 1. P. 100–111. (In Russ.).
28. Rybakovsky O.L., Tayunova O.A. Assessing effectiveness of 1980th demographic policies. Sociological Studies. 2013. No. 12. P. 80–87. (In Russ.).
29. Sinitsa A.L. Demographic and family policies as a part of contemporary social policy: theoretical approaches, goals, implementation mechanisms, and performance assessment (part 1). Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2022. Vol. 18. No. 1. P. 50–59. DOI: 10.19181/lsprr.2022.18.1.4 (In Russ.).
30. Sinitsa A.L. Policies to improve the housing conditions of large families in Russia: results and opportunities. Social knowledge in modern society: problems, regularities, perspectives. Materials of the International Scientific-Practical Conference, Minsk, November 14-15, 2019. Minsk: StroiMediaProekt, 2019. P. 290–293. (In Russ.).
31. Frejka T., Zakharov S.V. Fertility trends in Russia during the past half century: period and cohort perspectives. Demographic Review. 2014. Vol. 1. No. 1. P. 106–143. (In Russ.).
32. Yakovleva E.N., Krukova I.V. Methodological approaches to assessing the impact and effectiveness of regional social and demographic policies: the theoretical aspect. News of Higher Educational Institutions. The Series "Economics, Finance and Production Management. 2021. No. 1. P. 114-124. DOI: 10.6060/ivecofin.20214701.524 (In Russ.).
33. Blanchet D., Ekert-Jaffé O. The demographic impact of family benefits: evidence from a macro-model and from macro-data. In: The family, the market and the state in ageing societies, Ermisch J., Ogawa N. (eds). Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994. P. 79–104.
34. Chesnais J.-C. Les conditions d’efficacité d’une politique nataliste: examen théorique et exemples historiques. Proceedings of the IUSSP International population conference. Florence, 1985. Vol. 3. Liege: IUSSP, 1985: 413–425.
35. Slonimczyk F., Yurko A. Assessing the impact of the maternity capital policy in Russia. Labour Economics. 2014. Vol. 30. P. 265–281. DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2014.03.004
Article
Received: 11.02.2022
Accepted: 15.06.2022
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Other cite formats:
APA
Sinitsa, A. L. (2022). Demographic and Family Policies as a Part of Contemporary Social Policy: Theoretical Approaches, Goals, Implementation Mechanisms and Performance Assessment (Part 2). Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia, 18(2), 189-200. https://doi.org/10.19181/lsprr.2022.18.2.4
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DEMOGRAPHY
