Необходимость найти новую парадигму. Рынок труда между глобальными трендами и итальянскими особенностями после пандемии COVID-19
Научная статья
Для цитирования
Фонтана Р., Кало Э. Д. Необходимость найти новую парадигму. Рынок труда между глобальными трендами и итальянскими особенностями после пандемии COVID-19 // Уровень жизни населения регионов России. 2022. Том 18. № 3. С. 319-329. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/lsprr.2022.18.3.4 EDN: JSQGKY
Аннотация
Эта статья направлена на изучение особенностей рынка труда в Италии после пандемии COVID-19. В частности, отталкиваясь от прогнозов влияния цифровой трансформации (ЦТ) на мировой рынок труда, авторы пытаются совместить макро- и микросоциальные риски, связанные с этим процессом, с рисками, вытекающими из пандемического сценария, находя их общие черты, которые, становятся символом настоящего времени. Анализируя итальянский контекст, авторы предлагают некоторые размышления, чтобы переосмыслить существующий баланс в мире труда, в частности, за счёт использования цифровых технологий, множественных форм удалённой работы, предотвращения безработицы среди молодёжи и феномена большого числа увольнений.
Ключевые слова:
изменения на рынке труда, цифровая трансформация, удалённая работа, увольнения, последствия COVID-19, итальянский кейс-стади
Литература
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2. Allman K. Career matters: ‘The great resignation’ sweeping workplaces around the world. LSJ: Law Society of NSW Journal. 2021;81:46. DOI: 10.3316/agis.20211109056610
3. Arthur M.B., Rousseau D.M., eds. The Boundaryless Career: A New Employment Principle for a New Organizational Era. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 1996.
4. Astrologo D., Surbone A., Terna P. Il lavoro e il valore allepoca dei robot: Intelligenza artificiale e non-occupazione. Sesto San Giovanni: Meltemi: 2019.
5. Autor D.H. The Polarization of Job Opportunities in the U.S. Labor Market: Implications for Employment and Earnings. Center for American Progress and the Hamilton Project: 2010. Https://economics.mit.edu/files/11589 (21/02/2022).
6. Autor D.H. The ‘Task Approach’ to Labor Markets: An Overview. Journal of Labour Market Research. 2013;46:185. DOI: 10.1007/ s12651-013-0128-z
7. Autor D.H. Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2015;29,3:3. DOI: 0.1257/jep.29.3.3
8. Autor D.H., Dorn D. The Growth of Low-Skill Service Jobs and the Polarization of the US Labor Market. American Economic Review. 2013;103,5:1553. DOI: 10.1257/aer.103.5.1553
9. Autor D.H., Katz L.F., Kearney M.S. The Polarization of the US Labor Market. American Economic Review. 2006;96,2:189. DOI: 10.1257/000282806777212620
10. Autor D.H., Levy F., Murane R.J. The Skill Content of Recent Technological Change: An Empirical Exploration. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 2003;118,4:1279. DOI: 10.1162/003355303322552801
11. Bai C., Dallasega P., Orzes G., Sarkis J. Industry 4.0 technologies assessment: a sustainability perspective. International Journal of Production Economics. 2020;229, 107776.
12. Beier G., Ullrich A., Niehoff S., Reifiig M., Habich M. Industry 4.0: how it is defined from a sociotechnical perspective and how much sustainability it includes - a literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020;259,120856.
13. Bonivento C., Gentili L., Paoli A. Sistemi di automazione industriale. Architetture e controllo. Milano: McGraw-Hill: 2011.
14. Borghi P., Cavalca G. Frontiere della rappresentanza: potenzialita e limiti organizzativi dell'offerta rivolta ai professionisti indipendenti. Sociologia del lavoro. 2015;140:115. DOI: 10.3280/SL2015-140008
15. Bruni A., Murgia A. Atipici o flessibili? San Precario salvaci tu!. Sociologia del lavoro. 2007;105:64. DOI: 10.1400/94229
16. Brynjolfsson E., McAfee A. The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. New York: W.W Norton & Co: 2014.
17. Castells M. La nascita della societa in rete. Milano: EGEA: 2014.
18. CEDEFOP. Skill Forecast. Trends and Challenge to 2030. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union: 2018. Https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/files/3077_en.pdf (21/02/2022).
19. Cirillo V., Guarascio D. Jobs and Competitiveness in a Polarised Europe. Intereconomics. 2015;50:156. DOI: 10.1007/s10272-015- 0536-0
20. Daugherty P., Wilson J.H. Human + machine: Ripensare il lavoro nell'eta dell'intelligenza artificiale. Milano: Guerini Next: 2019.
21. Drucker P. The Age of Discontinuity. Guidelines to Our Changing Society. London: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd: 1969.
22. Eurofound. Occupational Change and Wage Inequality: European Jobs Monitor 2017. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union: 2017.
23. Falcone R., Capirci O., Lucidi F., Zoccolotti P. Prospettive di intelligenza artificiale: mente, lavoro e societa nel mondo del machine learning. Giornale italiano di psicologia. 2018;1:43. DOI: 10.1421/90306
24. Fondazione Ergo. Superare il low-skill equilibrium. Quaderno di approfondimento n.3: 2019. Https://www.fondazionergo.it/upload/pdf/Quaderno_Skills_res.pdf (21/02/2022).
25. Ford M. Il futuro senza lavoro. Accelerazione tecnologica e macchine intelligenti. Come prepararsi alla rivoluzione economica in arrivo. Milano: il Saggiatore: 2017.
26. Fracaro M., Saldutti N. Lavorare da casa. I diritti (e i doveri) dello smart working. Orario di lavoro e straordinari, buoni pasto, benefit, salute e organizzazione dello spazio. Le regole per il lavoro da remoto. Milano: RCS Mediagroup: 2021.
27. Frey C.B., Osborne M.A. Technology at Work. The Future of Innovation and Employment. Oxford: Oxford Martin School: 2021. Http://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/downloads/re-ports/Citi_GPS_Tech nology_Work.pdf (25/02/2022).
28. Frey C.B., Osborne M.A. The Future of Employment: How Susceptible are Jobs to Computerisation?. Oxford: Oxford Martin School: 2015. Http://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/down-loads/ academic/The_Future_of_Employment.pdf (25/02/2022).
29. Frey, C.B. La trappola della tecnologia. Capitale, lavoro e potere nell'era dell'automazione. Milano: FrancoAngeli: 2020.
30. Fumagalli A. Le trasformazioni del lavoro autonomo tra crisi e precarieta: il lavoro autonomo di III generazione. Quaderni di ricerca sullartigianato. 2015;2:225. DOI: 10.12830/81143
31. Gallino L. Il lavoro non e una merce. Contro la flessibilita. Roma-Bari: Laterza: 2007.
32. Ghobakhloo M. Industry 4.0, digitization, and opportunities for sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020;252,119869. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119869, EDN: RMOPQC
33. Goos M., Manning A., Salomons A. Explaining Job Polarization in Europe: The Roles of Technology, Globalization and Institutions. Centre for Economic Performance: 2010, Discussion Paper No 1026. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1983952.
34. Goos M., Manning A., Salomons A. Explaining Job Polarization: Routine Biased Technological Change and Offshoring. American Economic Review. 2014;104,8:2509. DOI: 10.1257/aer.104.8.2509
35. ILO. What Are the Effects of Job Polarization on Skills Distribution of Young Workers in Developing Countries?. International Labour Organization Youth Employment Programme: 2016. Http://www.ireg.ch/doc/etudes/2016-ILO-technical-brief-7.pdf (21/02/2022).
36. ISTAT (Italian National Institute of Statistics). Livelli di istruzione e ritorni occupazionali: 2020. Https://www.istat.it/it/files/2020/07/Livelli-di-istruzione-e-ritorni-occupazionali.pdf (21/02/2022).
37. Jabbour A.B.L.d.S., Jabbour C.J.C., Foropona C., Filho M.G. When titans meet - can industry 4.0 revolutionise the environmentally- sustainable manufacturing wave? The role of critical success factors. Technology Forecasting & Social Change. 2018;132(1):18-25.
38. Kracauer S. The Salaried Masses: Duty and Distraction in Weimar Germany. London, New York: Verso: 1930.
39. Lucchese M., Nascia L., Pianta M. Industrial Policy and Technology in Italy. Economia e Politica Industriale. 2016;43:233. DOI: 10.1007/s40812-016-0047-4
40. Marzano G. Intelligenza artificiale e mercato del lavoro: il recente dibattito americano, Economia & Lavoro. 2016;2:159. DOI: 10.7384/84409
41. Mazzucato M., Cimoli M., Dosi G., Stiglitz J.E., Landesmann M.A., Pianta M., Page T. Which Industrial Policy does Europe Need?. Intereconomics - Review of European Economic Policy. 2015;50,3:120. DOI: 10.1007/s10272-015-0535-1
42. Muller J.M., Voigt K.I. Sustainable industrial value creation in SMEs: a comparison between industry 4.0 and made in China 2025. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology. 2018;5(5):659-670. EDN: FIMRDJ
43. Osservatorio Smart Working - Politecnico di Milano: 2021. URL: https://www.osservatori.net/it/ricerche/osservatori-attivi/smart-working (20/02/2022).
44. Papa V. Working (&) poor. Dualizzazione del mercato e lavoro autonomo povero nell’UE. Rivista del Diritto della Sicurezza Sociale. 2021;1:49. DOI: 10.3241/100012
45. Parker R, Clark B.Y. Unraveling the Great Resignation: Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Oregon Workers: 2022. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4019586
46. Perry T.S. Tech Pay Rises (Almost) Everywhere: The ‘Great Resignation’ is pushing salaries up. IEEE Spectrum. 2021;58,12:17. DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2021.9641775
47. Polanyi K. The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time. Boston: Beacon Press: 2001.
48. Posada, J. From Development to Deployment: For a Comprehensive Approach to Ethics of AI and Labour: 2020. AoIR 2020: The 21th Annual Conference of the Association of Internet Researchers. Https://spir.aoir.org/ojs/index.php/spir/article/view/11307/9981. (21/02/2022).
49. Rullani F., Rullani E. Dentro la rivoluzione digitale. Per una nuova cultura dell'impresa e del management. Torino: Giappichelli: 2018.
50. Salento A., eds. Industria 4.0: Oltre il determinismo tecnologico. Bologna: TAO Digital Library: 2018.
51. Steinhoff J. Automation and Autonomy Labour, Capital and Machines in the Artificial Intelligence Industry. New York: Palgrave Macmillan: 2021.
52. Taylor F.W. The Principles of Scientific Management. New York-London: Harper & Brothers: 1911.
53. Treccani. Lessico del XXI secolo: 2013. Https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/occupabilita_%28Lessico-del-XXI-Secolo%29/ (21/02/2022).
54. Unioncamere - ANPAL. Sistema informativo Excelsior. Previsione dei fabbisogni occupazionali e professional! in Italia a medio termine (2018-2022): 2018. Https://excelsior.unioncamere.net/images/pubblicazioni2017/report-previsivo-2018-2022.pdf (21/02/2022).
55. Unioncamere - ANPAL. Sistema informativo Excelsior. Previsioni dei fabbisogni occupazionali e professionali in Italia a medio termine (2020-2024): 2020. Https://excelsior.unioncamere.net/images/pubblicazioni2020/report-previsivo-2020.pdf (21/02/2022).
56. Urbinati A., Chiaroni D., Chiesa V., Frattini F. The Role of Digital Technologies in Open Innovation Processes: An Exploratory Multiple Case Study Analysis. R & D Management. 2020;50,1:136. DOI: 10.1111/radm.12313.
57. Van Dijck J.F.T.M., Poell T., de Waal M. Platform society. Valori pubblici e societa connessa. Milano: Guerini Scientifica: 2019.
58. Vivarelli M. Technology, Employment and Skills: An Interpretative Framework. Eurasian Business Review. 2013;3:66. DOI: 10.14208/BF03353818.
59. World Economic Forum. The Future of Jobs Report 2018: 2018. Http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_ofJobs_2018.pdf (21/02/2022).
60. World Economic Forum. The Future of Jobs Report 2020: 2020. Http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_ofJobs_2020.pdf (21/02/2022).
2. Allman K. Career matters: ‘The great resignation’ sweeping workplaces around the world. LSJ: Law Society of NSW Journal. 2021;81:46. DOI: 10.3316/agis.20211109056610
3. Arthur M.B., Rousseau D.M., eds. The Boundaryless Career: A New Employment Principle for a New Organizational Era. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 1996.
4. Astrologo D., Surbone A., Terna P. Il lavoro e il valore allepoca dei robot: Intelligenza artificiale e non-occupazione. Sesto San Giovanni: Meltemi: 2019.
5. Autor D.H. The Polarization of Job Opportunities in the U.S. Labor Market: Implications for Employment and Earnings. Center for American Progress and the Hamilton Project: 2010. Https://economics.mit.edu/files/11589 (21/02/2022).
6. Autor D.H. The ‘Task Approach’ to Labor Markets: An Overview. Journal of Labour Market Research. 2013;46:185. DOI: 10.1007/ s12651-013-0128-z
7. Autor D.H. Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2015;29,3:3. DOI: 0.1257/jep.29.3.3
8. Autor D.H., Dorn D. The Growth of Low-Skill Service Jobs and the Polarization of the US Labor Market. American Economic Review. 2013;103,5:1553. DOI: 10.1257/aer.103.5.1553
9. Autor D.H., Katz L.F., Kearney M.S. The Polarization of the US Labor Market. American Economic Review. 2006;96,2:189. DOI: 10.1257/000282806777212620
10. Autor D.H., Levy F., Murane R.J. The Skill Content of Recent Technological Change: An Empirical Exploration. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 2003;118,4:1279. DOI: 10.1162/003355303322552801
11. Bai C., Dallasega P., Orzes G., Sarkis J. Industry 4.0 technologies assessment: a sustainability perspective. International Journal of Production Economics. 2020;229, 107776.
12. Beier G., Ullrich A., Niehoff S., Reifiig M., Habich M. Industry 4.0: how it is defined from a sociotechnical perspective and how much sustainability it includes - a literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020;259,120856.
13. Bonivento C., Gentili L., Paoli A. Sistemi di automazione industriale. Architetture e controllo. Milano: McGraw-Hill: 2011.
14. Borghi P., Cavalca G. Frontiere della rappresentanza: potenzialita e limiti organizzativi dell'offerta rivolta ai professionisti indipendenti. Sociologia del lavoro. 2015;140:115. DOI: 10.3280/SL2015-140008
15. Bruni A., Murgia A. Atipici o flessibili? San Precario salvaci tu!. Sociologia del lavoro. 2007;105:64. DOI: 10.1400/94229
16. Brynjolfsson E., McAfee A. The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. New York: W.W Norton & Co: 2014.
17. Castells M. La nascita della societa in rete. Milano: EGEA: 2014.
18. CEDEFOP. Skill Forecast. Trends and Challenge to 2030. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union: 2018. Https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/files/3077_en.pdf (21/02/2022).
19. Cirillo V., Guarascio D. Jobs and Competitiveness in a Polarised Europe. Intereconomics. 2015;50:156. DOI: 10.1007/s10272-015- 0536-0
20. Daugherty P., Wilson J.H. Human + machine: Ripensare il lavoro nell'eta dell'intelligenza artificiale. Milano: Guerini Next: 2019.
21. Drucker P. The Age of Discontinuity. Guidelines to Our Changing Society. London: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd: 1969.
22. Eurofound. Occupational Change and Wage Inequality: European Jobs Monitor 2017. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union: 2017.
23. Falcone R., Capirci O., Lucidi F., Zoccolotti P. Prospettive di intelligenza artificiale: mente, lavoro e societa nel mondo del machine learning. Giornale italiano di psicologia. 2018;1:43. DOI: 10.1421/90306
24. Fondazione Ergo. Superare il low-skill equilibrium. Quaderno di approfondimento n.3: 2019. Https://www.fondazionergo.it/upload/pdf/Quaderno_Skills_res.pdf (21/02/2022).
25. Ford M. Il futuro senza lavoro. Accelerazione tecnologica e macchine intelligenti. Come prepararsi alla rivoluzione economica in arrivo. Milano: il Saggiatore: 2017.
26. Fracaro M., Saldutti N. Lavorare da casa. I diritti (e i doveri) dello smart working. Orario di lavoro e straordinari, buoni pasto, benefit, salute e organizzazione dello spazio. Le regole per il lavoro da remoto. Milano: RCS Mediagroup: 2021.
27. Frey C.B., Osborne M.A. Technology at Work. The Future of Innovation and Employment. Oxford: Oxford Martin School: 2021. Http://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/downloads/re-ports/Citi_GPS_Tech nology_Work.pdf (25/02/2022).
28. Frey C.B., Osborne M.A. The Future of Employment: How Susceptible are Jobs to Computerisation?. Oxford: Oxford Martin School: 2015. Http://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/down-loads/ academic/The_Future_of_Employment.pdf (25/02/2022).
29. Frey, C.B. La trappola della tecnologia. Capitale, lavoro e potere nell'era dell'automazione. Milano: FrancoAngeli: 2020.
30. Fumagalli A. Le trasformazioni del lavoro autonomo tra crisi e precarieta: il lavoro autonomo di III generazione. Quaderni di ricerca sullartigianato. 2015;2:225. DOI: 10.12830/81143
31. Gallino L. Il lavoro non e una merce. Contro la flessibilita. Roma-Bari: Laterza: 2007.
32. Ghobakhloo M. Industry 4.0, digitization, and opportunities for sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020;252,119869. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119869, EDN: RMOPQC
33. Goos M., Manning A., Salomons A. Explaining Job Polarization in Europe: The Roles of Technology, Globalization and Institutions. Centre for Economic Performance: 2010, Discussion Paper No 1026. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1983952.
34. Goos M., Manning A., Salomons A. Explaining Job Polarization: Routine Biased Technological Change and Offshoring. American Economic Review. 2014;104,8:2509. DOI: 10.1257/aer.104.8.2509
35. ILO. What Are the Effects of Job Polarization on Skills Distribution of Young Workers in Developing Countries?. International Labour Organization Youth Employment Programme: 2016. Http://www.ireg.ch/doc/etudes/2016-ILO-technical-brief-7.pdf (21/02/2022).
36. ISTAT (Italian National Institute of Statistics). Livelli di istruzione e ritorni occupazionali: 2020. Https://www.istat.it/it/files/2020/07/Livelli-di-istruzione-e-ritorni-occupazionali.pdf (21/02/2022).
37. Jabbour A.B.L.d.S., Jabbour C.J.C., Foropona C., Filho M.G. When titans meet - can industry 4.0 revolutionise the environmentally- sustainable manufacturing wave? The role of critical success factors. Technology Forecasting & Social Change. 2018;132(1):18-25.
38. Kracauer S. The Salaried Masses: Duty and Distraction in Weimar Germany. London, New York: Verso: 1930.
39. Lucchese M., Nascia L., Pianta M. Industrial Policy and Technology in Italy. Economia e Politica Industriale. 2016;43:233. DOI: 10.1007/s40812-016-0047-4
40. Marzano G. Intelligenza artificiale e mercato del lavoro: il recente dibattito americano, Economia & Lavoro. 2016;2:159. DOI: 10.7384/84409
41. Mazzucato M., Cimoli M., Dosi G., Stiglitz J.E., Landesmann M.A., Pianta M., Page T. Which Industrial Policy does Europe Need?. Intereconomics - Review of European Economic Policy. 2015;50,3:120. DOI: 10.1007/s10272-015-0535-1
42. Muller J.M., Voigt K.I. Sustainable industrial value creation in SMEs: a comparison between industry 4.0 and made in China 2025. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology. 2018;5(5):659-670. EDN: FIMRDJ
43. Osservatorio Smart Working - Politecnico di Milano: 2021. URL: https://www.osservatori.net/it/ricerche/osservatori-attivi/smart-working (20/02/2022).
44. Papa V. Working (&) poor. Dualizzazione del mercato e lavoro autonomo povero nell’UE. Rivista del Diritto della Sicurezza Sociale. 2021;1:49. DOI: 10.3241/100012
45. Parker R, Clark B.Y. Unraveling the Great Resignation: Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Oregon Workers: 2022. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4019586
46. Perry T.S. Tech Pay Rises (Almost) Everywhere: The ‘Great Resignation’ is pushing salaries up. IEEE Spectrum. 2021;58,12:17. DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2021.9641775
47. Polanyi K. The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time. Boston: Beacon Press: 2001.
48. Posada, J. From Development to Deployment: For a Comprehensive Approach to Ethics of AI and Labour: 2020. AoIR 2020: The 21th Annual Conference of the Association of Internet Researchers. Https://spir.aoir.org/ojs/index.php/spir/article/view/11307/9981. (21/02/2022).
49. Rullani F., Rullani E. Dentro la rivoluzione digitale. Per una nuova cultura dell'impresa e del management. Torino: Giappichelli: 2018.
50. Salento A., eds. Industria 4.0: Oltre il determinismo tecnologico. Bologna: TAO Digital Library: 2018.
51. Steinhoff J. Automation and Autonomy Labour, Capital and Machines in the Artificial Intelligence Industry. New York: Palgrave Macmillan: 2021.
52. Taylor F.W. The Principles of Scientific Management. New York-London: Harper & Brothers: 1911.
53. Treccani. Lessico del XXI secolo: 2013. Https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/occupabilita_%28Lessico-del-XXI-Secolo%29/ (21/02/2022).
54. Unioncamere - ANPAL. Sistema informativo Excelsior. Previsione dei fabbisogni occupazionali e professional! in Italia a medio termine (2018-2022): 2018. Https://excelsior.unioncamere.net/images/pubblicazioni2017/report-previsivo-2018-2022.pdf (21/02/2022).
55. Unioncamere - ANPAL. Sistema informativo Excelsior. Previsioni dei fabbisogni occupazionali e professionali in Italia a medio termine (2020-2024): 2020. Https://excelsior.unioncamere.net/images/pubblicazioni2020/report-previsivo-2020.pdf (21/02/2022).
56. Urbinati A., Chiaroni D., Chiesa V., Frattini F. The Role of Digital Technologies in Open Innovation Processes: An Exploratory Multiple Case Study Analysis. R & D Management. 2020;50,1:136. DOI: 10.1111/radm.12313.
57. Van Dijck J.F.T.M., Poell T., de Waal M. Platform society. Valori pubblici e societa connessa. Milano: Guerini Scientifica: 2019.
58. Vivarelli M. Technology, Employment and Skills: An Interpretative Framework. Eurasian Business Review. 2013;3:66. DOI: 10.14208/BF03353818.
59. World Economic Forum. The Future of Jobs Report 2018: 2018. Http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_ofJobs_2018.pdf (21/02/2022).
60. World Economic Forum. The Future of Jobs Report 2020: 2020. Http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_ofJobs_2020.pdf (21/02/2022).
Статья
Поступила: 07.03.2022
Опубликована: 19.09.2022
Форматы цитирования
Другие форматы цитирования:
APA
Фонтана, Р., & Кало, Э. Д. (2022). Необходимость найти новую парадигму. Рынок труда между глобальными трендами и итальянскими особенностями после пандемии COVID-19. Уровень жизни населения регионов России, 18(3), 319-329. https://doi.org/10.19181/lsprr.2022.18.3.4
Раздел
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ
