Tensions Between the «Employment Promotion» and «Social Protection» Systems in the Employment of Citizens with Reduced Competitiveness in the Labour Market
Research Article
How to Cite
Loktyukhina N.V., Burankova M.A. Tensions Between the «Employment Promotion» and «Social Protection» Systems in the Employment of Citizens with Reduced Competitiveness in the Labour Market. Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2022. Vol. 18. No. 3. P. 330-341. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/lsprr.2022.18.3.5 (in Russ.).
Abstract
A special place on the Russian labour market is occupied by citizens who have difficulty finding work: various categories of young people and older people, persons with disabilities, former military personnel, single parents, parents with large families and those raising minor children, disabled children and others. Such vulnerable categories are the object of two directions of state policy: promotion of employment (expressed in measures of employment assistance) and social protection (the main content of which is in social payments, benefits and guarantees for citizens).
The article substantiates the contradiction between these public policies, which can undermine the efforts of employment services to employ these citizens. In order to identify this contradiction, a large-scale analysis of federal and regional normative legal acts in the sphere of support for citizens experiencing difficulties in finding a job was conducted. A number of categories of the population have higher incentives to receive social payments (which they can lose if they are employed) than incentives to get a job and formal work, which the employment assistance system is aimed at. An aspect of the contradiction is also positive discrimination, which consists in granting additional labour guarantees to vulnerable categories, which falls on the employer and reduces his/her interest in employing such categories.
The manifestation of the contradiction between the systems of «employment promotion» and «social protection» is considered for: working parents or guardians taking care of a disabled child under the age of 18 or a disabled child from the first group; graduates of professional educational institutions; working pensioners. A more detailed analysis has been made of orphans, children left without parental care and persons from the group of orphans and children left without parental care.
Proposals for overcoming the contradictions between the system of «promotion of employment» and «social protection» are presented, the essence of which lies in a change in the emphasis of government policy: from creating conditions for living on benefits, to creating conditions for independent economic activity, professional and personal fulfilment.
Keywords:
labour market, employment, unemployment, employment policy, social protection, active employment policy, labour market regulation, employment promotion programs, employment of orphans, youth employment
References
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22. Nenakhova Y.S. Labour potential of the disabled: problems of implementation / Y.S. Nenakhova // Narodonaselenie = Population. 2018;21;3:96-108. DOI: 10.26653/1561-7785-2018-21-3-07 EDN: YNHELB (In Russ.).
23. Mironova A.A. International experience of organizing kinship care for the elderly / A.A. Mironova // Zhurnal issledovanii sotsialnoi politiki = Journal of Social Policy Research. 2021;19;3:465-480 (In Russ.).
24. Coordination between employment and social services: European countries // International Labour Organization (ILO). 19 April 2022. URL: https://www.ilo.org/moscow/information-resources/publications/WCMS_842673/lang--ru/index.htm (accessed: 11.07.2022).
25. Kachala V.V. Fundamentals of systems theory and systems analysis: a textbook for universities. Moscow: Hot Line - Telecom, 2007. С.58. ISBN 978-5-9912-0249-7. URL: https://rucont.ru/efd/202824 (accessed: 10.07.2022) (In Russ.).
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27. Kameneva E.N. Can Discrimination be Positive? Nauka i obrazovanie: khozyaistvo i ekonomika; predprinimatel'stvo; pravo i upravlenie = Science and Education: economy and financial economy; entrepreneurship; law and management. 2021;12(139):54-58 (In Russ.).
2. Gurina M.A., Moiseev A.D., Shurupova A.S. (2019). To the issue of increasing of employment of disabled people in Russia. Ekonomika truda = Labor Economics. 2019;6(1):465-482. DOI: 10.18334/et.6.1.40450 (In Russ.). EDN: HTEUTR
3. Kuchmaeva O.V. Employment of Disabled People in Russian Regions: Status, Differentiation, Factors. Statistika i Ekonomika = Statistics and Economics. 2020;17(5):27-37. https://doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2020-5-27-37 (In Russ.). EDN: GVCZZE
4. Natsun L.N. Supported employment for people with disabilities: a review of international experience. Vestnik UrFU. Seriya: Ekonomika i upravlenie = Journal of Applied Economic Research. 2017;16(4):663-680. DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2017.16.4.032 (In Russ.). EDN: WUSGXA
5. Baptista I., Marlier E., Spasova S., Peha-Casas R., Fronteddu B., Ghailani D., Sabato S., Regazzoni P. (2021). Social protection and inclusion policy responses to the COVID-19 crisis. An analysis of policies in 35 countries. 10.2767/10153. Accessed: 03.12.2021. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354446989_ Social_protection_and_inclusion_policy_responses_to_the_COVID_crisis_ An_analysis_of_policies_in_35_countries (accessed: 03.12.2021).
6. Knight B. Rethinking Poverty: What makes a good society? Bristol University Press, Policy Press, 2017. 184 p. DOI: 10.1017/ S0047279419000291
7. Sankova, L.V. Zanyatost' molodezhi v kontekste dostoinogo truda. Saratov: Obshchestvo s ogranichennoi otvetstvennost'yu Izdatel'stvo KUBiK. 2019. 188 s. ISBN 978-5-91818-622-0 (In Russ.).
8. Levina E.V., Dudin M.N. The problem of youth employment in the context of global digitalization and application of network technologies. Ekonomika truda = Labor Economics. 2020;7(6):519-536. DOI: 10.18334/et.7.6.110209 (In Russ.). EDN: UJQNVQ
9. Mayorova, A.V., Matveeva E.A. Youth in the labor market and policies to promote youth employment in the Russian Federation. Sotsial'no-trudovye issledovaniya = Social & labour research. 2019;(37(4)):45-56. DOI: 10.34022/2658-3712-2019-37-4-45-56 (In Russ.). EDN: COGOKU
10. Eichhorst W. Promoting youth employment in Europe: Evidence-based policy lessons / W. Eichhorst, U. Rinne // European Youth Labour Markets: Problems and Policies, 2017. P. 189-204. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68222-8_13 EDN: OWHUDC
11. Bakhshi H., Downing J., Osborne M., Schneider P. The Future of Skills: Employment in 2030. London: Persons and Nesta, 2017. 124 p.
12. Kolomijecs P.N. Silver Economics a new approach to the problem of aging. Journal of Economic Regulation. 2018;9(1):89-101. DOI: 10.17835/2078-5429.2018.9.1.089-101 (In Russ.). EDN: YWQVHV
13. Lain D., Airey L., Loretto W., Vickerstaff S. Understanding older worker precarity: The intersecting domains of jobs, households and the welfare state. Ageing and Society. 2018;39(10):2219-2241. DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X18001253
14. Topilin A.V. Russia’s Labor Potential: Demographic and Socio-Economic Problems of Formation and Utilization. Herald of the Russian Academy ofSciences. 2019;89(4):418-425. DOI: 10.31857/S0869-5873897736-744 EDN: QOKBIN (In Russ.). EDN: QOKBIN
15. Oslon V.N., Celenina E.V. Technology of Post-Institutional Support to Exiters of State-Run Institutions for Orphans in the Process of Obtaining Professional Education and Primary Employment [Elektronnyi resurs]. Psikhologo-pedagogicheskie issledovaniya = Psychological-Educational Studies. 2018;10(3):70-83. DOI:10.17759/psyedu.2018100307 (In Russ.) EDN: GJXAXF
16. Bobkov, V.N. Precarious Employment Is a Global Problem of Modernity: How Can Its Scale Be Reduced in Russia? Problemy prognozirovaniya = Studies on Russian Economic Development. 2020;31(3):312-317. DOI: 10.1134/S107570072003003X (In Russ.). EDN: MAHOFW
17. World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2021. International Labour Office. Geneva: ILO, 2021. URL: https://www.ilo.org/global/research/global-reports/weso/2021/WCMS_795453/lang--en/index.htm (accessed: 02.12.2021).
18. Nizova L.M. Raising the retirement age and its impact on the regional labour market / L.M. Nizova, N.A. Mikhailova // Strakhovoe delo = Insurance Business. 2020. № 02. P. 54-58 (In Russ.). EDN: TZBZEV
19. Smoleva E.O. Barriers to inclusion in the labor market in the perception of socially vulnerable categories of population (on the example of the Northwestern Federal District) / E.O. Smoleva // Monitoringobshchestvennogo mneniya: ekonomicheskie i sotsialnye peremeny = Public Opinion Monitoring: Economic and Social Changes. 2018;4(146):351-368 (In Russ.). EDN: XZPHRB
20. Increased risks of precarious employment for certain groups of population / V.N. Bobkov, N.V. Loktyukhina, V.G. Kvachev, E.V. Odintsova // Uroven zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii = Living standards of the Russian regions. 2017;4(206):36-44. EDN: KZXYLB (In Russ.).
21. Orlova E.E. The circle of persons referred to the unemployed, experiencing difficulties in finding a job / E.E. Orlova // Politika i obshchestvo = Politics and Society. 2008. № 10(46). P.50-58. EDN: TAJMVN (In Russ.).
22. Nenakhova Y.S. Labour potential of the disabled: problems of implementation / Y.S. Nenakhova // Narodonaselenie = Population. 2018;21;3:96-108. DOI: 10.26653/1561-7785-2018-21-3-07 EDN: YNHELB (In Russ.).
23. Mironova A.A. International experience of organizing kinship care for the elderly / A.A. Mironova // Zhurnal issledovanii sotsialnoi politiki = Journal of Social Policy Research. 2021;19;3:465-480 (In Russ.).
24. Coordination between employment and social services: European countries // International Labour Organization (ILO). 19 April 2022. URL: https://www.ilo.org/moscow/information-resources/publications/WCMS_842673/lang--ru/index.htm (accessed: 11.07.2022).
25. Kachala V.V. Fundamentals of systems theory and systems analysis: a textbook for universities. Moscow: Hot Line - Telecom, 2007. С.58. ISBN 978-5-9912-0249-7. URL: https://rucont.ru/efd/202824 (accessed: 10.07.2022) (In Russ.).
26. Systems Theory and Systems Analysis in Organizational Management: Handbook: textbook / ed. by V.N. Volkova and A.A. Emelyanov. Moscow: Finance and Statistics; INFRA-M, 2009. P.624-630. URL: https://pqm-online.com/assets/files/lib/books/ volkova.pdf (accessed: 10.07.2022) (In Russ.).
27. Kameneva E.N. Can Discrimination be Positive? Nauka i obrazovanie: khozyaistvo i ekonomika; predprinimatel'stvo; pravo i upravlenie = Science and Education: economy and financial economy; entrepreneurship; law and management. 2021;12(139):54-58 (In Russ.).
Article
Received: 16.05.2022
Accepted: 19.09.2022
Citation Formats
Other cite formats:
APA
Loktyukhina, N. V., & Burankova, M. A. (2022). Tensions Between the «Employment Promotion» and «Social Protection» Systems in the Employment of Citizens with Reduced Competitiveness in the Labour Market. Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia, 18(3), 330-341. https://doi.org/10.19181/lsprr.2022.18.3.5
Section
ECONOMIC RESEARCH
